摘要
无论是海洋还是陆地,在生物系统内资源集中于群落中的少数个体是一种普遍的现象。森林总生物量集中在一些大树中也不例外。森林中的大树需要几十年甚至几百年的时间来发展,但人类或自然干扰会减少它们的数量,迅速改变森林结构。尽管大树在森林中的生态意义已得到公认,但在全球尺度上大树在森林中的作用和影响因素仍不清楚。本文将大树对森林生物量的影响和驱动森林空间分布格局进行总结,分析影响大树死亡的因素。大树效应是提高森林地上生物量的主要驱动力,其地上生物量增长对森林群落蓄积量和动态(获取和损失)的驱动作用更强。以大树为中心周围会形成同种邻体环形结构,并且有更多的异种邻木包围,随着树木胸径的增加,周围邻木呈现随机或近似随机的格局。自然干扰会优先影响大树的生存环境和生理机制,导致大树死亡率增加。在这个不断变化的世界中,森林管理者应努力寻找最好的方法以维持森林中大树的生长和发育。
Concentration of resources within a few individuals in a community is a common phenomenon of biotic systems,whether marine or terrestrial.The concentration of total forest biomass in a few large trees is no exception.Large trees in forests take many decades or even centuries to develop,but human or natural disturbances can decrease their abundance,rapidly changing forest structure.Although the ecological significance of large trees in forest has been recognized,the role and influence factors of tree in forest on global scale are still unclear.In this review,the influence of large trees on forest biomass and the driving factors of forest spatial distribution pattern were summarized,and the factors affecting the death of large trees were analyzed.Large tree effect is the main driving force to improve forest aboveground biomass,and its aboveground biomass growth has stronger driving effect on forest community volume and dynamics(gain and loss).With the large tree as the center,there will be a ring structure of the same species of neighbors around it,and there will be more neighbors of different species surrounded.With the increase of DBH of the large trees,the neighbors present a random or nearly random pattern.Natural disturbances will give priority to affect the living environment and physiological mechanism of large trees,leading to the increase of large trees mortality.In this changing world,forest managers should strive to find the best way to maintain the growth and development of large trees.
作者
韩大校
王烁
刘亭亭
王剑南
王千雪
HAN Da-xiao;WANG Shuo;LIU Ting-ting;WANG Jian-nan;WANG Qian-xue(Harbin Research Institute of Forestry Machinery,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Harbin 150086;Reseach Center of Cold Temperate Forestry,CAF,Harbin 150086;Fuyuan National Key Field Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem in Heilongjiang,Fuyuan 156500;Heilongjiang Provincial Center For Disease Control and Prevention,Harbin 150030)
出处
《温带林业研究》
2021年第4期4-10,共7页
Journal of Temperate Forestry Research
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2020MA004)。
关键词
大树
地上生物量
空间分布格局
自然干扰
生长发育
large trees
aboveground biomass
spatial distribution pattern
natural disturbances
growth and development
