摘要
为揭示大豆旱涝急转条件下先期旱胁迫与后期涝胁迫的交互作用对其生长发育和产量造成的影响,开展了不同程度单一受涝和不同程度旱涝急转的对比试验。分析了不同处理下大豆株高、叶绿素含量的变化规律及产量减产规律,量化了旱涝相互作用间的效应,初步揭示了旱涝急转下的大豆减产规律。结果表明:旱涝急转对于大豆正常生长发育的胁迫作用和最终导致的减产要明显小于单涝组;前期轻度干旱对于后期涝胁迫对大豆正常生长造成的抑制有不同程度的缓解、补偿效应,且在一定受旱程度范围内基本呈现前期受旱时间越长,其后期补偿效应越大的规律;旱涝急转组相比单涝组产量有明显增加的原因,是因为前期适宜的轻度干旱对于大豆百粒重补偿了4.79%~20.00%、平均单株荚数补偿了4.28%~46.63%、单株实荚数补偿了9.72%~73.04%,同时结合株高和叶绿素含量的变化规律,说明短期轻旱增强了大豆对于外界水土环境的耐受性,缓解了后期涝渍对大豆生长发育造成的生理胁迫。研究成果可为探究旱涝急转致灾机理,制定合理的面向旱涝急转的减灾、防灾措施提供技术支撑。
In order to reveal the impact of the interaction of the first drought and the subsequent flood on the growth and yield of soybeans under the condition of drought-flood abrupt alternation,a comparative experiment with different degrees of single flooding and different degrees of drought-flood abrupt alternation was carried out.The changes of soybean plant height and chlorophyll content and the law of yield reduction under different treatments were analyzed,the effect of the interaction between drought and flood was quantified,and the law of soybean yield reduction under the drought-flood abrupt alternation was initially revealed.The results showed that the stress effect of drought and flood on the normal growth and development of soybeans and the resulting reduction in yield were significantly less than that of the single flood group;the earlier mild drought had different degrees of mitigation and compensation effects on the suppression of the later flood stress on the normal growth of soybeans.Within a certain range of drought degree,it basically showed that the longer the drought in the early period,the greater the compensation effect in the later period;the reason for the obvious increase in output of the drought-flood abrupt alternation group compared with the single-water logging group was due to the suitable lightness in the early period.The degree of drought compensated 100-seed weight of soybeans by 4.79%~20.00%,the average number of pods per plant by 4.28%~46.63%,and the number of real pods per plant by 9.72%~73.04%.Combined with changes in plant height and chlorophyll content,the law showed that the short-term mild drought enhanced the tolerance of soybeans to the external water and soil environment,and alleviated the physiological stress caused by the later waterlogging on the growth and development of soybeans.The research results can provide technical support for exploring the mechanism of the drought-flood abrupt alternation,and formulating reasonable disaster mitigation and prevention measures for the drought flood abrupt alternation.
作者
许浒
袁宏伟
张辉
蒋尚明
刘佳
XU Hu;YUAN Hong-wei;ZHANG Hui;JIANG Shang-ming;LIU Jia(Key Laboratory of Water Conservancy and Water Resources of Anhui Province,Water Resources Research Institute of Anhui Province and Huaihe River Commission,Ministry of Water Resources,Hefei 230088,China;Anhui Province Xiaoxian County Irrigation Experimental station,Suzhou 235200,Anhui Province,China)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2021年第12期70-74,80,共6页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1508306)
国家自然科学基金项目(51409002)。
关键词
大豆
旱涝急转
旱涝交替
减产规律
补偿效应
生长
产量
soybean
drought-flood abrupt alternation
alternation of drought and flood
yield reduction rule
compensation effect
growth
yield
