摘要
岭南传统庭园是应对湿热气候的智慧结晶,目前学界对其遮阳设计要素的研究仍有待深入。以岭南传统庭园典型案例之一--四大名园中的余荫山房为例,基于夏季现场微气候测试和热感觉问卷调研,运用SPSS量化分析人体主观热感觉和庭园客观微气候测试指标之间的关系,并结合数据比较各测点空间的遮阳设计要素,尝试挖掘夏季人体热感觉和遮阳设计要素间的内在联系。结论如下:(1)在夏季余荫山房中,约84.5%的游客表示庭园中太阳辐射可以接受;(2)黑球温度与热舒适投票、太阳辐射舒适和太阳辐射可接受投票都有较好的相关性;(3)夏季庭园中,对应热舒适的黑球温度约28.48~37.16℃;对应太阳辐射热舒适的黑球温度约27.60~39.11℃;(4)遮阳设计要素包括遮阳分区、遮阳覆盖率、遮阳类型、遮阳构造,其中:遮阳分区、遮阳覆盖率对热感觉投票和微气候测试指标有整体性影响;水平遮阳进深显著影响热感觉(TSV);遮阳类型影响黑球温度(Tg),从降低庭院Tg值的角度,复合遮阳最佳,其次是水平遮阳;空间高宽比显著影响遮阳效果稳定性;(5)余荫山房实测中,长波辐射占总辐射能的极小部分,几乎可忽略不计。本研究以期为岭南传统庭园遮阳设计及遮阳要素导控提供研究方法和设计目标的参考。
The Lingnan garden may be viewed as an intelligently designed space in the face of the tough outdoor thermal environment caused by strong solar radiation in the Lingnan Area,China.Most research studies on shading effects have tried to compare black globe temperatures at different shading levels.However,there are few quantitative analyses that have investigated the subjective feelings of humans in conjunction with objectively measured data.This approach could be valuable for exploring the shading design elements of Lingnan traditional gardens.Field measurements have shown that black globe temperature(Tg)rises dramatically for every 1℃increase in the air temperature(Ta),which can significantly influence the thermal perception of humans.Therefore,shading design may be extremely important for the adjustment of temperature.In this study,a case study based on a typical Lingnan traditional garden(Yu Yin Shan Fang)was carried out to determine the relationship between the subjective thermal sensation of humans and the objective microclimate index.A survey and questionnaire were conducted,and data were analyzed using SPSS.Some major conclusions could be drawn:(1)In summer,about 84.5%of tourists agreed that the solar radiation in Yu Yin Shan Fang is acceptable;(2)Tg had a good correlation with thermal comfort,solar radiation comfort,and solar radiation acceptable vote;(3)Tg for thermal comfort ranged from 28.48 to 37.16℃and the Tg of solar radiation comfort was from 27.60 to 39.11℃;(4)The shading design elements included shade zoning,coverage,type and structure.Shade zoning and coverage had holistic impacts on the perception of thermal sensation and the microclimate index.Horizontal shading depth could significantly affect thermal sensation votes(TSV),and the shading type affected the black globe temperature(Tg).Composite shading was the best choice to lower Tg,while horizontal shading was the second best method.The height-to-width ratio affected the stability of shading significantly;(5)Field measurements taken in Yu Yin Shan Fang showed that the long-wave was limited and could almost be neglected.According to this research,the shading design elements and strategies of Yu Yin Shan Fang include:(1)Building layout is combined with function,and a higher shade coverage with artificial construction in recreation areas is better.(2)Reasonable horizontal shading depth leads to a stable shading effect.Corridors,courtyards,sheds,pavilions,and tree canopies of suitable dimensions and scale can offer better shading.(3)A reasonable height-width ratio of vertical space,walls,cold lanes,and atria are conducive for good shading design.(4)Different shading types and shading structures contribute to microclimate stability.In conclusion,this study summarizes the wisdom of shading design in Lingnan traditional gardens in response to a hot and humid climate.It not only provides research and design methods for the shading design of traditional Lingnan gardens but also supports a scientific basis for contemporary garden design in the Lingnan Area,China.
作者
方小山
袁子枚
FANG Xiao-shan;YUAN Zi-mei
出处
《南方建筑》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期132-140,共9页
South Architecture
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51878286):岭南园林气候适应性设计策略与关键技术研究。
关键词
遮阳设计要素
热感觉投票
微气候测试
岭南传统庭园
余荫山房
shading design elements
thermal sensation vote
microclimate test
Lingnan traditional garden
Yu Yin Shan Fang
