摘要
荒漠化目前已成为威胁全球生态环境的主要问题。我国北方地区风蚀作用强烈,是土地沙质荒漠化问题最为突出的地区。以沙漠、沙地分布较广的北方6省(区)为研究区,利用遥感技术获取2010—2018年研究区沙质荒漠化演化特征,并将气象、地质等因素进行综合分析,探讨毛乌素沙地、科尔沁沙地沙质荒漠化变化原因。遥感解译结果表明2018年北方地区沙质荒漠化土地共35.08万km^(2),其中重度沙质荒漠化面积11.92万km^(2),中度沙质荒漠化13.54万km^(2),轻度沙质荒漠化9.62万km^(2),主要分布于内蒙古自治区和新疆维吾尔自治区;2010—2018年,北方地区沙质荒漠化土地面积减少0.73万km^(2),其中,新疆维吾尔自治区沙质荒漠化面积减少0.48万km^(2),内蒙古自治区减少0.19万km^(2),同时有2.78万km^(2)沙质荒漠化土地程度减轻。以毛乌素沙地和科尔沁沙地为典型研究区,对比两沙地生态地质条件差异,总结了沙质荒漠化好转、加重的原因。研究认为,毛乌素沙地应降低人类活动干扰的影响,以自然恢复为主;科尔沁沙地应加强地下水资源管理,优化植被结构,进一步推进退耕还林、退耕还草工作。研究成果为我国北方沙质荒漠化地区生态保护修复提供了科学参考。
Desertification has became a major threat to the global ecological environment.The wind erosion is very intense in North China,with prominent sandy desertification problems.In this research,the authors selected six northern provinces with widely sandy land distribution as the study area to comprehensively analyze the meteorological and geological factors and discuss the cause of change in Maowusu sandy land and Horqin sandy land,based on the evolution patterns of sandy desertification land by TM images of 2010 and OLI images of 2018.The results indicated that the sandy desertification land in North China in 2018 was 350800 km^(2),mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,with severe,moderate and mild sandy desertification land of 119200 km^(2)135400 km^(2) and 96200 km^(2),respectively.From 2010 to 2018,the area of sandy desertification land in North China decreased by 7400 km^(2),and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region decreased mostly with the areas of 4800 km^(2) and 1900 km^(2),respectively,also with the area of desertification reduction of 35400 km^(2).Taking the Maowusu and Horqin sandy land as typical study area,the authors compared the differences of the ecogeological conditions between these two areas,and summarized the cause of improvement and aggravation of sandy desertification.Moreover,the authors suggested that the impact of human activities should be reduced for natural recovery in Maowusu sandy land,and in Horqin sandy the groundwater resources management land should be strengthened and vegetation structure should be optimized to promote returning farmland to forest or grassland.This research would provide scientific reference for the ecological protection of sandy desertification in North China.
作者
刘建宇
聂洪峰
肖春蕾
尚博譞
李伟
冀欣阳
LIU Jianyu;NIE Hongfeng;XIAO Chunlei;SHANG Boxuan;LI Wei;JI Xinyang(China Aero Geophysical Survey & Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, China;Territorial Ecological Protection and Restoration Center of China Geological Survey, Beijing 100083, China)
出处
《中国地质调查》
2021年第6期25-34,共10页
Geological Survey of China
基金
中国地质调查局“生态地质调查工程(编号:0703)”
“全国地球关键带遥感地质调查(编号:DD20190536)”项目联合资助。
关键词
中国北方
沙质荒漠化
转移矩阵
毛乌素沙地
科尔沁沙地
生态地质调查
North China
sandy desertification
transition matrix
Maowusu sandy land
Horqin sandy land
ecogeological survey
