摘要
为更好地解决在全球乒乓球裁判培训中各协会各行其道的培训体系、单一的经验式教学模式、信息技术手段匮乏等问题,研究将视频技术、虚拟仿真技术、鹰眼技术与乒乓球裁判培训中最棘手的问题——"发球判罚"深度融合,提出了培养国际化复合型乒乓球裁判的新路径与新思路,为实现全球各级各类比赛中裁判员发球判罚一致性作出了贡献。采用文献资料法、田野调查法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法对国际乒联及其各协会裁判培训的现状进行了深入地调查与分析;对发球规则理论进行进一步梳理,从时间序列的角度以及参照物的特性精简分类了发球犯规的类型,规范了发球手势和判罚流程,并在此基础上利用视频教学夯实发球判罚理论基础,通过虚拟仿真教学提高发球判罚实践能力,使用鹰眼辅助执裁技术加强发球判罚准确性。研究认为:信息技术的技术优势与裁判员培训的有机融合能够从准确认定事实、正确判罚和合理沟通等层面帮助裁判员建构发球判罚的理论知识结构、丰富执裁经验、提高发球判罚准确性,助推裁判员发球判罚全球一致化目标的达成。未来乒乓球发球判罚一致性的发展应该从精简发球规则、搭建全球培训平台以及提升国际乒联各协会的裁判员培养质量等层面展开,进而提高裁判员人才培养质量来更好地服务乒乓球比赛,推动乒乓球项目的健康发展。
To better solve the problems in global table tennis umpire training,such as inconsistent training methods,a sole experience-based teaching model,and the lack of technology adopted during the training process,this study integrates video technology,VR and Hawk-Eye into teaching penalty for illegal serves,the most difficult problem in table tennis umpire training.A new path and new thinking are put forward for training international table tennis umpires,with a view to contributing to consistent penalty for illegal serves in competitions at all levels around the world.This paper uses literature review,field investigation,questionnaire and expert interview to study and analyze the current status of umpire training of the International Table Tennis Federation(ITTF)and its associations.The theories regarding service rules are further sorted out based on time sequence and the characteristics of references to simplify the types of fouls,and to standardize the umpire hand signals for illegal severs and penalty procedures.Besides,video teaching is used to consolidate relevant theory foundation;VR is adopted to improve the practical competence for judging serves,and Hawk-Eye is employed to improve the accuracy of penalty for illegal serves.This paper holds that integrating information technology into umpire training can help umpires construct a theoretical framework,gain more experience and improve the accuracy of penalty for illegal serves from the perspectives of finding of facts,accurate judgement and good communication.This study aims to achieve global consistency in penalty for illegal serves.In the future,global consistency should be developed from the aspects of simplifying the service rules,building a global training platform and improving the quality of umpire training by ITTF associations,so as to cultivate skilled professionals to promote the healthy development of table tennis.
作者
朱航标
吉龙龙
张瑛秋
ZHU Hang-biao;JI Long-long;ZHANG Ying-qiu(School of Competitive Sports,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《北京体育大学学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第11期99-109,共11页
Journal of Beijing Sport University
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金资助成果“乒乓球裁判员执裁行为的规范化教学系统研制”(项目编号:20211020)。
关键词
乒乓球
发球规则
裁判员培训
信息技术
全球一致化
table tennis
service rules
umpire training
information technology
global consistency
