摘要
人类活动和社会经济迅速发展导致大量化学品排放进入地表水环境,对水生生态系统和人类健康产生诸多不利影响,如何从众多的化学品中筛选识别出具有潜在危害的优先污染物是水污染治理和管控的关键.本研究基于污染物环境暴露水平、持久性、生物累积性、生态风险和人体健康风险5个评价参数,构建多指标综合评分法定量筛选识别地表水环境优先污染物类别,并应用于涨渡湖水体中优先污染物清单的建立.污染物环境暴露水平基于靶向分析综合考虑了污染物环境实测浓度和检出频率.目标污染物持久性和生物累积性毒害性参数分别采用生物降解系数和正辛醇-水分配系数来表征.此外在物种敏感度分布法和评估因子法的基础上计算生态风险熵以定量表征生态风险,人体健康风险则由终生致癌风险指数或危害指数来表征.基于该多指标综合评分法可于涨渡湖水体7类151种特征污染物中筛查出41种优先污染物,主要包括11种多氯联苯、8种有机氯农药、6种多环芳烃、4种邻苯二甲酸酯、4种挥发性有机物和8种金属元素.鉴于不同地表水环境污染状况不同,通过多指标综合评分法可建立因地制宜的优先污染物清单,从而有利于形成以保护水生生物和人类健康为最终目标的优先污染物水质基准,为地表水环境污染物管控及治理提供方法学支撑和科学依据.
Large quantities of chemicals were discharged into the aquatic environment due to human activity and rapid development of economy,which may cause many adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystem and human health.Thus,a systematic approach is needed to prioritize pollutants for environmental monitoring purposes.A multi-criteria scoring method using 5 criteria,such as occurrence,persistence,bioaccumulation,ecotoxic risk,and human health risk,was developed to identify priority pollutants that require greater attention.The occurrence attribute was characterized using sub-attributes concentration and detection frequency based on the measured concentration in field environment.The persistence and bioaccumulation attributes were characterized by biodegradability and octanol-water partition coefficient,respectively.The ecotoxic risk attribute was characterized by risk quotients,which was calculated based on species sensitivity distribution and assessment factor.The human health risk attribute was characterized using sub-attributes incremental lifetime cancer risk and hazard indicator.A priority list of pollutants was developed for Zhangdu Lake using this multi-criteria scoring method,which included 11 polychlorinated biphenyls,8 organochlorine pesticides,6 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,4 volatile organic compounds,4 phthalate esters and 8 metals.In addition,the generalized nature of the multi-criteria scoring method could be customized for specific geographical locations and establish site-specific priority list.The priority list will further serve as a basis for selecting candidate pollutants for future site-specific monitoring in surface water.
作者
丁琪琪
龚雄虎
王兆德
金苗
卢少勇
张路
赵中华
Ding Qiqi;Gong Xionghu;Wang Zhaode;Jin Miao;Lu Shaoyong;Zhang Lu;Zhao Zhonghua(State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,P.R.China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China;National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,P.R.China)
出处
《湖泊科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期90-107,I0001,共19页
Journal of Lake Sciences
基金
国家科技基础性工作专项(2015FY110900-03)
国家自然科学基金项目(41671477,41771519)
科技部对发展中国家科技援助项目(KY201901006)联合资助.
关键词
优先污染物
多指标综合评分法
定量筛选
地表水
涨渡湖
Priority pollutants
multi-criteria scoring method
quantitative screening
surface water
Lake Zhangdu
