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广州市2020年PM_(2.5)的污染特征与居民循环系统疾病的相关性 被引量:4

Pollution characteristics of PM_(2.5) and its correlation with residents'circulatory system diseases in Guangzhou in 2020
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摘要 目的了解2020年广州市PM_(2.5)污染物污染特征及对居民循环系统疾病死亡的影响。方法定期收集广州市2020年的天气逐日统计数据(2020年1月1日—2020年12月31日),包括主要城市气象影响因素(平均气压、气温、相对湿度等)、大气主要污染物的平均浓度(PM_(2.5)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)、O_(3)等)以及城市居民循环系统常见疾病的死亡病例等相关资料,采用统计描述分析PM_(2.5)的污染特征;多元线性回归方程分析PM_(2.5)与其他大气污染物(SO_(2)、NO_(2)、O_(3)等)的相关性;利用偏相关分析方法,控制其他大气污染物(SO_(2)、NO_(2)、O_(3)等)对PM_(2.5)的干扰,分析PM_(2.5)与居民循环系统疾病死亡的相关性。结果2020年广州市的城市PM_(2.5)污染物在当地气象气候因素和其他季节条件变化的共同影响下,年平均浓度为29.39μg/m^(3),低于国家二级浓度限值(35μg/m^(3));日均浓度在冬春两季较高,日均浓度超过国家一级标准限值(35μg/m^(3))的天数为113 d,超标率为30.96%,PM_(2.5)污染物与其他类污染物(SO_(2)、NO_(2)、O_(3)等)之间存在线性正相关,与气象因素中的气温和气湿存在负相关;城市居民循环系统疾病日死亡数与PM_(2.5)浓度呈现正相关,偏相关系数为0.317,与NO_(2)和O_(3)之间成正相关,偏相关系数分别为0.333、0.268。单污染物模型的结果显示PM_(2.5)的人群循环系统疾病死亡超额危险度(ER)在不同滞后时间差异均有统计学意义,并且随着时间延长,危险度也在相应增加。可以推断PM_(2.5)可能是居民循环系统疾病死亡的危险因素之一。结论2020年广州市PM_(2.5)的年平均浓度与去年相比有明显改善,但日均浓度超标情况仍然严峻,广州市大气PM_(2.5)污染对城市居民循环系统死亡影响有一定的时间滞后性,并且显著增加循环系统疾病死亡数。 Objective To understand the pollution characteristics of PM_(2.5) and its impact on the death of residents with circulatory diseases in Guangzhou in 2020.Methods Daily meteorological data of Guangzhou in 2020(from January 1,2020 to December 31,2020)were collected regularly,including meteorological influencing factors(mean air pressure,temperature,relative humidity,etc.),average concentrations of major air pollutants(PM_(2.5),SO_(2),NO_(2),O_(3),etc.)and related data of common diseases and death cases of urban residents'circulatory system.The pollution characteristics of PM_(2.5) were analyzed by statistical description;Multiple linear regression equation was used to analyze the correlation between PM_(2.5) and other air pollutants(SO_(2),NO_(2),O_(3),etc.);Partial correlation analysis was used to control the interference of other air pollutants(SO_(2),NO_(2),O_(3),etc.)on PM_(2.5) and analyze the correlation between PM_(2.5) and residents'circulatory system diseases.Results In 2020,the annual average concentration of PM_(2.5) in Guangzhou was 29.39μg/m^(3) under the combined influence of local meteorological and climatic factors and other seasonal conditions,lower than the national levelⅡconcentration limit(35μg/m^(3));The daily average concentration was higher in winter and spring,which exceeded the national levelⅠstandard limit(35μg/m^(3))were 113 days,and the exceeding rate was 30.96%;There was a positive correlation between PM_(2.5) and other pollutants(SO_(2),NO_(2),O_(3),etc.),and there was a negative correlation with temperature and humidity in meteorological factors;There was a positive correlation between PM_(2.5) concentration and daily death of circulatory system diseases in urban residents,and the partial correlation coefficient was 0.317.There was a positive correlation between PM_(2.5) concentration and NO_(2) and O_(3),and the partial correlation coefficients were 0.333 and 0.268.The results of the single pollutant model showed that the excess risk of death(ER)of circulatory system diseases in PM_(2.5) population had statistical significance at different lag times,and the risk increased with time.It could be inferred that PM_(2.5) might be one of the risk factors of death from circulatory system diseases.Conclusions The average annual concentration of PM_(2.5) in Guangzhou in 2020 has significantly improved compared with that of last year,but the situation of daily concentration exceeding the average is still serious.The impact of atmospheric PM_(2.5) pollution on the death of urban residents'circulatory system in Guangzhou has a certain time lag,and significantly increases the death of circulatory system diseases.
作者 江思力 李文学 步犁 吕嘉韵 冯文如 杨轶戩 JIANG Si-li;LI Wen-xue;BU Li;LYU Jia-yun;FENG Wen-ru;YANG Yi-jian(Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510440,China)
出处 《中国热带医学》 CAS 2021年第12期1144-1149,共6页 China Tropical Medicine
基金 广州市医药卫生科技项目(No.20201A01057)。
关键词 城市大气污染 PM_(2.5) 循环系统疾病 Urban air pollution PM_(2.5) circulatory diseases
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