摘要
病毒虽是一类营细胞内寄生的极为简单的微小生物,却是对人类及其他动物生存威胁最大的病原之一,严重威胁人类健康、生物多样性、经济发展和社会稳定。病毒感染宿主的过程复杂且处于不断的动态变化过程中,采用传统的分子生物学技术和电子显微镜超薄切片观察等手段无法对其进行实时动态分析研究。单病毒示踪(Single-virus tracking,SVT)技术的出现,使得研究人员能够实时追踪单个或多个病毒粒子在活细胞中的生命过程,从而全面精细地阐述病毒侵染的时空动态过程及机制。本文综述了单病毒示踪技术方法体系的建立及其在动物病毒生命周期研究特别是水生动物病毒研究中的应用进展,针对该技术研究应用中存在的问题,提出未来应进一步完善病毒、蛋白、核酸和宿主细胞等的标记,发展多维成像和活体成像技术,优化图像处理技术,使动物病毒感染机制研究向着更加精准化和系统化方向发展,以期为有效防控水生动物病毒性疾病暴发与流行提供理论指导和技术支撑。
Viruses are extremely simple and tiny organisms that only replicate in hosts.However,they are one of the most important pathogens to humans and other animals,and cause serious threat to human health,biodiversity,economic development and social stability.Viral infections in host are complex and dynamic,and can hardly be tracked in real time by conventional methods,such as biochemical and molecular technology,and electronic microscopy.Single-virus tracking(SVT)technology offers a powerful tool to track the life cycles of viruses in living cells in real time,thus revealing a comprehensive and detailed processes of virus infection.In this article,we describe the SVT technology and its application in studies on virus infection mechanisms,especially on aquatic animal virology,and finally discuss the current problems and future prospects of SVT,such as development of strategies for labelling virus,protein,nucleic acid and cells,exploitation of imaging technique,and optimizing of algorithms for SVT,thus enabling the study of animal virus infection mechanism to be more precise and systematic.It is expected to provide theoretical guidance and technical support for preventing and controlling the outbreaks and prevalence of viral diseases in aquatic animals.
作者
秦启伟
QIN Qiwei(College of Marine Sciences, University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Aquatic Animal Immunity and Healthy Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China)
出处
《大连海洋大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期899-909,共11页
Journal of Dalian Ocean University
基金
国家自然科学基金(U20A20102,41976104)。
关键词
病毒
侵染机制
活细胞
单病毒示踪技术
virus
infection mechanism
live cell
single-virus tacking technology
