摘要
为解析辽河口潮滩景观格局的动态变化特征,以Landsat5 TM影像和Landsat8 OLI影像为主要数据来源,基于eCognition和ArcGIS软件,采用面向对象的方法对遥感影像进行解译,从类型水平和整体水平对景观格局进行了长期(1986—2018年)分析。结果表明:2018年辽河口潮滩自然景观面积缩减至1986年的41.58%,消失的自然景观主要转化为养殖池、水利工程设施和农田等人工景观;研究区域岸线长度波动增长且向南部海域扩张,岸线的主要类型由自然岸线向养殖区、城镇工业区、港口与码头岸线转换;在景观类型水平上,辽河口潮滩自然景观优势景观地位丧失,斑块形状向简单化、规律化方向发展,辽河口潮滩湿地景观格局整体破碎化严重;辽河口潮滩的工程建设直接影响各景观类型的面积大小与空间分布,并加速了芦苇演替翅碱蓬植被的进程。研究表明,养殖业及水利工程建设等人为活动对辽河口潮滩景观格局影响较大,进一步加强对辽河口潮滩养殖池的“退养还滩”工程可切实改善辽河口滨海湿地生境,实现盐沼植被的逆向演替。
The remote sensing images of Landsat-5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI from 1986 to 2018 were used as the main data sources to analyze the dynamic change characteristics of the coastal wetlands(121°30′-122°00′E,40°50′-41°20′N)in Liao River Estuary(LRE).The landscape pattern of long time series and then the impact factors influcing landscape pattern dynamic changes were investigated from type level and whole level based on eCognition and ArcGIS platform by coupling the object-oriented classification method.The results showed that the natural landscape area in 2018 was reduced to 41.58%of that in 1986,and most were transformed into artificial landscape including aquaculture ponds,ports,architectures and farmland.The length of the coastline,whose types transformed from natural shoreline to artificial shorelines such as aquaculture shoreline,urban shoreline,ports and wharves shoreline,was found to be increased and expanded to the southern sea area.In the level of landscape types,the dominant landscape position of the tidal flat in LRE was lost,with simple and regular shape,and the landscape pattern of the tidal flat wetlands was fragmented in LRE.The construction of LRE directly led to affect the area and the spatial distribution of each landscape,and to accelerate the process of the landscape succession from sea grass Suaeda heteroptera to reed.The artificial activities including breeding industry and hydraulic engineering construction had a great impact on the landscape pattern of the tidal flat in the LRE.The project of“returning breeding ponds to the tidal flat”should be strengthened to effectively improve the habitat of the coastal wetlands and realize the reverse succession of salt marsh vegetation in the LRE.
作者
王旖旎
康亚茹
陈旭
郭聪聪
张明亮
丁存利
WANG Yini;KANG Yaru;CHEN Xu;GUO Congcong;ZHANG Mingliang;DING Cunli(College of Ocean Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;Panjin Pink Beach Travel Ltd, Panjin 124216, China)
出处
《大连海洋大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期1009-1017,共9页
Journal of Dalian Ocean University
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(51879028)
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1407704)
大连理工大学海岸及近海工程国家重点实验室基金(LP2009)
大连市科技创新基金项目(2021JJ11CG001)。
关键词
辽河口
潮滩湿地
遥感影像
景观格局演变
景观演替路径
Liao River Estuary
tidal flat wetland
remote sensing image
landscape pattern change
landscape succession pattern
