摘要
目的运用学龄前儿童膳食平衡指数(DBI;)评价安徽省部分学龄前儿童的膳食质量,为科学指导该人群合理膳食和防治IDA提供实证依据。方法 2018年9—12月,选择安徽省有完整膳食调查资料的3~6岁留守儿童306名和非留守儿童598名作为研究对象,利用DBI;的总分(TS)、负端分(LBS)、正端分(HBS)和膳食质量距(DQD)等指标评价膳食质量,运用多因素Logistic回归模型分析膳食平衡指数与缺铁性贫血患病的关联。结果安徽省农村地区3~6岁儿童贫血率为13.3%,其中留守儿童为16.7%,非留守儿童为10.9%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.87,P=0.00)。贫血组和非贫血组DBI;分值比较中,TS[-18.3(25.2,-12.7),-15.2(-19.8,-8.6)]、LBS[25.4(18.3,32.5),22.7(16.5,30.6)]和DQD[36.8(23.9,43.4),34.1(27.5,41.0)]差异有统计学意义(Z值分别为-23.07,5.81,4.63,P值均<0.05)。贫血组和非贫血组儿童食物摄入评分在奶类豆类[-5.9(-10.7,-0.4),-5.0(-8.7,0.2)]、动物性食物[-2.4(-5.6,0.8),-0.6(3.5,1.9)]和食物种类[-7.5(-9.1,-4.8),-6.3(-8.0,-2.9)]等方面差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-5.42,-16.47,-6.83,P值均<0.05)。留守儿童(OR=1.27,95%CI=1.15~1.49)贫血发生的比例较高,每周吃肉类食物≥3次(OR=0.81,95%CI=0.68~0.94)、每天吃新鲜蔬菜≥2种(OR=0.84,95%CI=0.73~0.95)贫血发生的比例较低(P值均<0.05)。结论安徽省农村地区3~6岁儿童贫血率较高,尤其要关注留守儿童;通过提高看护人的膳食素养、增加膳食中动物性食物和新鲜蔬菜的摄入可以有效减少儿童贫血的发生。
Objective To evaluate the dietary quality for preschool children by diet balance index(DBI;), and to provide an empirical reference for scientific guidance for a reasonable diet and controlling and preventing iron deficiency anemia(IDA). Methods During September to December of 2018, 306 left-behind children and 598 non left-behind children aged 3-6 years old of Anhui Province were selected. Four scoring methods(TS-Total Score, LBS-Low Bound Score, HBS-High Bound Score, DQD-Diet Quality Distance) were used to evaluate the dietary quality by DBI;, and multivariate Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between DBI;and IDA. Results The anemia prevalence(AP) was 13.3% among the 3-6-year-old children in Anhui rural area, whereas the left-behind children(LBC) was 16.7% and the non left-behind children was 10.9%, and there was statistical significance of the differences(χ^(2)=8.8, P<0.05). There were significant differences of TS[-18.3(25.2,-12.7),-15.2(-19.8,-8.6)], LBS[25.4(18.3,32.5),22.7(16.5,30.6)] and DQD[36.8(23.9,43.4),34.1(27.5,41.0)] in DBI;scores between anemia group and non-anemia group(P<0.05). There were significant differences of milk and beans [-5.9(-10.7,-0.4),-5.0(-8.7,0.2)], animal food [-2.4(-5.6,0.8),-0.6(3.5,1.9)], food species [-7.5(-9.1,-4.8),-6.3(-8.0,-2.9)] in food intake scores between anemia group and non-anemia group(P<0.05). Left behind children(OR=1.27, 95%CI=1.15-1.49) had higher proportions of getting anemia. Meat consumption >3 times per week(OR=0.81, 95%CI=0.68-0.94) and ≥two types of fresh vegetable consumption every day(OR=0.84, 95%CI=0.73-0.95) were associated with lower rate of anemia(P<0.05). Conclusion The AP was relatively high in 3-6-year-old children in Anhui rural area, especially in those LBC. Anemia should be reduced by improving the caregivers’ dietary literacy, increasing intakes of animal foods and fresh vegetables.
作者
束莉
李梦瑶
李晓璐
邱孟庭
韩子妍
SHU Li;LI Mengyao;LI Xiaolu;QIU Mengting;HAN Ziyan(School of Public Health,Bengbu Medical College,Bengbu(233030),Anhui Province,China)
出处
《中国学校卫生》
CAS
北大核心
2021年第12期1793-1797,共5页
Chinese Journal of School Health
基金
安徽省哲学社科规划项目(AHSKQ2018D49)
蚌埠医学院“512”人才培育计划项目(by51202301)。
关键词
贫血
缺铁性
膳食
营养状况
回归分析
儿童
学龄前
农村人口
Anemia
iron-deficiency
Diet
Nutritional status
Regression analysis
Child
preschool
Raral population
