摘要
【目的】探讨不同阔叶树种引入对马尾松人工林凋落物和土壤水源涵养能力的影响,为针阔混交林的营造和改造及其水文作用改善提供科学依据。【方法】在贵州省国有龙里林场选择立地条件和营林方式基本一致的5种马尾松针阔混交林(马尾松×伯乐、马尾松×桂南木莲、马尾松×连香树、马尾松×油茶、马尾松×深山含笑),以马尾松人工纯林为对照,通过野外调查和室内试验,并结合凋落物储量、土壤团聚体含量和土壤有机碳含量等参数,比较混交改造15年后不同人工林的凋落物、土壤特征及其持水能力变化。【结果】林下凋落物有效拦蓄量表现为马尾松×深山含笑(23.11 t·hm^(-2))>马尾松×连香树(18.77 t·hm^(-2))>马尾松×伯乐(18.28 t·hm^(-2))>马尾松×桂南木莲(16.01 t·hm^(-2))>马尾松纯林(13.39 t·hm^(-2))>马尾松×油茶(8.85 t·hm^(-2));在0~20 cm土层,伯乐、桂南木莲、油茶和深山含笑的引入分别使马尾松人工林土壤饱和蓄水量提高6.94%、9.00%、15.10%和23.90%,而连香引入使马尾松人工林土壤饱和蓄水量降低6.62%;在0~100 cm土层,油茶和深山含笑引入分别使马尾松人工林土壤饱和蓄水量提高8.08%和19.47%;土壤毛管蓄水量、非毛管持水量、饱和蓄水量均与土壤有机碳含量、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度极显著正相关(P<0.01),与土壤密度和分形维数显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)负相关;坐标综合评定法结果表明,深山含笑更适合作为改造马尾松人工纯林的混交树种,油茶引入会降低马尾松人工林凋落物、土壤水源涵养能力。【结论】不同阔叶树种与马尾松人工纯林混交改造15年后,林分凋落物组成、数量和土壤理化性质会发生不同程度改变,凋落物和土壤水源涵养能力表现为马尾松×深山含笑>马尾松×伯乐>马尾松×连香树>马尾松×桂南木莲>马尾松纯林>马尾松×油茶。未来人工林生态水文研究应关注不同树种及其混交林的凋落物和土壤水文功能差异,对人工针叶纯林进行阔叶树种混交改造时应注意选择合适的混交树种和混交比例。
【Objective】The effect of mixed management mode of different broad-leaved species on water conservation capacity of the litter and soil in Pinus massoniana plantation was evaluated and in order to provide a scientific basis for the construction and transformation of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests and the improvement of hydrological function.【Method】Five mixed forests of coniferous and broad-leaved trees(P.massoniana×Bretschneidera sinensis,P.massoniana×Manglietia chingi,P.massoniana×Cercidiphyllum japonicum,P.massoniana×Camellia oleifera,P.massoniana×Michelia maudiae)with almost same site conditions and forest management models selected in Longli State-Owned Forest Farm of Guizhou Province were studied,and pure P.massoniana plantation was used as the control.Field investigation and indoor test were used in combination with volume of litter stocks,contents of soil aggregates and soil organic carbon to compare the characteristics of the litter-soil layer and the changes of water holding capacity of the different plantations after 15 years of transformation【Result】The rank of the effective water conservation capacity of the litters in different plantations is P.massoniana×M.maudiae(23.11 t·hm^(-2))>P.massoniana×C.japonicum(18.77 t·hm^(-2))>P.massoniana×B.sinensis(18.28 t·hm^(-2))>P.massoniana×M.chingi(16.01 t·hm^(-2))>pure P.massoniana forest(13.39 t·hm^(-2))>P.massoniana×C.oleifera(8.85 t·hm^(-2)).In 0-20 cm soil layer,the addition of B.sinensis,M.chingi,C.oleifera,and M.maudiae increased the soil saturated water storage of P.massoniana plantation by 6.94%,9.00%,15.10%,and 23.90%,respectively,while the addition of C.japonicum decreased the soil saturated water storage of P.massoniana plantation by 6.62%.In 0-100 cm soil layer,C.oleifera and M.maudiae increased the soil saturated water storage of P.massoniana plantation by 8.08%and 19.47%respectively.Soil capillary water storage,soil non-capillary water holding capacity and soil saturated water storage were positively correlated with soil organic carbon,soil capillary porosity,soil non-capillary porosity and total porosity(P<0.01),and negatively correlated with soil density and fractal dimension(P<0.05).The comprehensive coordinate method showed that M.maudiae is more suitable to be used as a mixed tree species for the transformation of P.massoniana plantation.The addition of C.oleifera will reduce the water conservation capacity of litter-soil layer of P.massoniana plantation,and it is not suitable to be used as a mixed tree species.【Conclusion】15 years after transformation of P.massoniana plantation by planting with different broad-leaved trees,water conservation capacity of the litter and soil was changed to various extents due to the changes of litter composition,quantity,and physical and chemical properties of soil.In our study,the order of water conservation capacity of litter and soil from strong to weak was P.massoniana×M.maudiae>P.massoniana×B.sinensis>P.massoniana×C.japonicum>P.massoniana×M.chingi>pure P.massoniana plantation>P.massoniana×C.oleifera.We suggest that forest resource managers take into account the impact of differences among tree species on the ecological hydrology of plantation and add appropriate species into the masson pine plantation when making management decisions.
作者
白云星
周运超
张薰元
杜姣姣
Bai Yunxing;Zhou Yunchao;Zhang Xunyuan;Du Jiaojiao(Center for Forest Resources and Environment Studies of Guizhou Province,Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountains of Guizhou Province,College of Forestry,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025)
出处
《林业科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第11期24-36,共13页
Scientia Silvae Sinicae
基金
贵州省人才团队项目(QKHPTRC[2018]5261和[2019]5614)
贵州省“百层次”培养计划(QKHRC-2015-4022)
贵州省一流学科建设项目(GNYL[2017]007)
贵州省科技支撑计划(QKHZC[2018]2305)。
关键词
水源涵养
森林混交模式
凋落物
土壤
马尾松人工林
water conservation
forest mixed modes
litter
soil
Pinus massoniana plantation
