摘要
应用化肥施用环境安全阈值模型,对内蒙古通辽市农业生产中化肥施用强度和环境安全阈值的时空变异及施肥合理性状况进行研究分析.结果表明,2000—2019年通辽市化肥施用量持续增大,2019年化肥施用总量及化肥施用强度分别是2000年的5.8倍和4.0倍,但化肥施用效益,2019年却比2000年降低46%.氮、磷、钾肥施用比例从2000年的1.00∶0.40∶0.15,增加到2019年的1.00∶0.50∶0.25.氮、磷化肥施用在2007年、2008年超过了环境安全阈值.从2006—2009年,化肥总量和氮肥施用强度与阈值的距离越来越大,2010年距离最小,2010—2013年两者距离又逐渐增大,2014—2019年两者距离又呈缩小趋势,尤其是2018—2019年两者距离明显缩小.2019年,扎鲁特旗、开鲁县、霍林郭勒市属于低强度施肥区,科左中旗和库伦旗属于中强度施肥区,科尔沁区、奈曼旗、科左后旗属于超高强度施肥区.2019年,通辽市55%以上旗县的施用环境安全阈值在高阈值区范围变化,低阈值区分布在科左后旗、扎鲁特旗和霍林郭勒市.2019年化肥施用强度为环境安全阈值的2.1倍,奈曼旗施肥强度最大,为环境安全阈值的2.6倍.通辽市65%以上县域化肥施用过量,22%化肥施用合理,个别县域化肥施用不足,化肥施用过量严重.
Applying the environmental safety threshold model of chemical fertilizer application,the spatio-temporal changes of fertilizer application intensity and environmental safety threshold and the rationality of fertilization were analyzed in Tongliao,Inner Mongolia.The results showed that the fertilizer application rate had been increasing from 2000 to 2019 in Tongliao.The fertilizer application rate in 2019 was 5.8 times as high as that one in 2000 and the fertilizer application intensity in 2019 was 4.0 times as high as that one in 2000,and the efficiency of fertilization decreased by 46%from 2000 to 2019.The proportion of N∶P∶K was from 1.00∶0.40∶0.15 in 2000 to 1.00∶0.50∶0.25 in 2019.Fertilizer application rate of N and P started to exceed the environmental safety threshold in 2007 and 2008 respectively.The gap between fertilizer application rate and the intensity of nitrogen application and the threshold was becoming larger and larger from 2006 to 2009,it was the smallest in 2010 and it had been increasing gradually from 2010 to 2013;From 2014 to 2019,the gap has showed a decreasing trend,especially from 2018 to 2019.In Tongliao,the areas with low intensity of fertilization included Zhaluteqi,Kailu County,Holingol city.The areas with medium intensity of fertilization included Kezuozhongqi and Kulunqi.Horqin district,Naiman,Kezuohouqi belonged to those with very high intensity of fertilization in 2019.More than 55%of the studied areas in Tongliao belonged to the high environmental safety threshold area;Kezuohouqi,Zhaluteqi and Holingol city belonged to the low threshold area in 2019.The fertilization intensity in 2019 was 2.1 times as high as the environmental safety threshold,while the highest fertilization intensity in Naimanqi was 2.6 times as high as its safety threshold.More than 65%of the counties has used too much chemical fertilizer in the whole city,and 22%of the counties has applied reasonable chemical fertilizer.The application of chemical fertilizer was insufficient in some counties and the fertilizer overuse was too serious.
作者
侯迷红
纪凤辉
范富
宋桂云
马玉露
邰继承
张庆国
HOU Mi-hong;JI Feng-hui;FAN Fu;SONG Gui-yun;MA Yu-lu;TAI Ji-cheng;ZHANG Qing-guo(College of Agricultrue,Inner Mongolia Minzu University,Tongliao 028043,China;Bureau of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry of Tongliao City,Tongliao 028000,China)
出处
《内蒙古民族大学学报（自然科学版）》
2021年第6期484-489,552,共7页
Journal of Inner Mongolia Minzu University：Natural Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31760372)
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2016MS0335)
通辽市土肥站合作项目(Q1800102)。
关键词
化肥
施肥强度
环境安全阈值
时空变异
Fertilizers
Intensity of fertilization
Environmental safety threshold
Spatio-temporal changes
