摘要
甲壳素是自然界除纤维素之外的第二大天然生物材料,也是自然界唯一的碱性多糖。甲壳素及其脱乙酰基衍生物壳聚糖因为分子结构中存在着氨基、羟基、乙酰氨基、糖苷键等多种活性基团,可发生多种化学反应以制得具有特定性质和用途的功能材料,在医药卫生、环境保护、纺织印染、造纸、食品及日用化工等多个行业中得到广泛应用。本文阐述了甲壳素、壳聚糖的名称、结构和来源,以及常规生产方法、理化性质和近期的应用进展情况,并指出了甲壳素、壳聚糖及其衍生物当前存在的问题和发展方向。
Chitin is the second most abundant naturally occurring biological material after cellulose,as well as the unique alkaline polysaccharide in nature.Chitin,and its deacetylated derivative,chitosan,i.e.,a linear copolymer ofβ-(1→4)-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-Dglucopyranose and 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose,offer an excellent set of characteristics as functional materials:biocompatibility,biodegradability to harmless products,high bioavailability,nontoxicity,physiological inertness,antibacterial properties,heavy metal ions chelation,gel forming properties and hydrophilicity,and remarkable affinity to protein and tissue.Due to the presence of amino,hydroxyl,acetyl amino groups and glycosidic bonds in the molecules of chitin and chitosan,many special functional derivatives can be produced by schiff base modification,carboxylation,alkylation,acylation,quaternization,graft copolymerization,cross-linking,and degradation.Owing to these unique characteristics and excellent functions,chitin,chitosan and their derivatives have been widely used in various industrial fields,such as pharmaceutical industry,environmental protection,textile printing and dyeing,paper making,food,tissue engineering,enzyme immobilization,and daily-use chemical industries.Herein,the name,structure and origin of chitin and chitosan,as well as the conventional production methods,physical and chemical properties and current application status of chitin,chitosan and their derivatives,were introduced.
作者
隋振全
毛金超
徐桂云
范金石
Zhenquan Sui;Jinchao Mao;Guiyun Xu;Jinshi Fan(College of Marine Science and Bioengineering,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266042,China;College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266042,China;State Key Laboratory Base for Eco-chemical Engineering,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266042,China)
出处
《日用化学工业》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第1期7-14,共8页
China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics
基金
生态化工国家重点实验室培育基地开放基金项目(STHG202002)。
关键词
甲壳素
壳聚糖
碱性多糖
衍生物
制备
性质
应用
chitin
chitosan
basic polysaccharide
derivative
preparation
property
application
