摘要
目的:通过测试我国冰雪项目国家集训队运动员膝关节等速肌力,探讨不同性别、不同项目运动员在不同运动速度下的膝关节峰力矩及双侧力量不对称(BSA)特征。并与国际优秀运动员进行比较,分析我国不同冰雪项目运动员肌力水平与伤病潜在风险,为冬奥会备战制定针对性的训练方案提供参考。方法:使用ISOMED 2000等速肌力测试系统对102名冰雪项目国家集训队运动员进行向心模式60°/s和240°/s运动速度下膝关节等速肌力测试。测试左右侧膝关节屈肌和伸肌峰力矩(PT)及相对峰力矩(PT/BW)评价运动员等速屈肌和伸肌肌力,膝关节屈伸峰力矩比值(H/Q)评价运动员单侧屈肌伸肌平衡性,BSA评价运动员左右侧膝关节肌力的对称性,并进行不同性别和左右腿的差异统计。结果:1)240°/s及60°/s运动速度下,虽然男运动员的左、右膝屈、伸PT和PT/BW均显著高于女运动员(P<0.05),但左、右膝的H/Q和BSA则不具有性别差异。2)我国冰雪项目国家集训队运动员总体BSA≥10%的人数比例为67%(68人/102人),BSA≥15%的人数比例为35%(36人/102人)。3)60°/s运动速度下,我国高山滑雪运动员膝关节屈伸PT、PT/BW与法国、奥地利国家队运动员存在差距。无论技术类还是速度类高山滑雪运动员的右膝屈伸比均低于法国国家队运动员(技术类:0.47±0.00 vs. 0.50±0.08;速度类:0.47±0.03 vs. 0.52±0.06)。结论:1)冰雪项目国家集训队中,35%的运动员存在较为严重的左右侧肌力不平衡,具有潜在伤病隐患。2)膝关节屈伸肌力偏弱可能是制约我国高山滑雪运动员取得优异成绩的因素之一。
This research aims to test the isokinetic knee muscle strength of athletes on China’s national teams of winter sports and explore the profile of the peak knee torque and bilateral strength asymmetry(BSA)of athletes of different genders in different sports at different speeds. The research also compares Chinese athletes’ isokinetic knee strength with that of international elite athletes,and analyses the potential risks of injuries to Chinese athletes,with a view to providing a reference for targeted training programs for preparing for the Olympic Winter Games. Methods:In this study,the ISOMED 2000 isokinetic muscle strength test system is used to test the isokinetic knee muscle strength of 102 athletes from the national teams at speeds of 60°/s and 240°/s in the centripetal mode. The peak torque(PT)of the left and right knee flexor and extensor and their relative peak torque(PT/BW)are tested to evaluate the athletes’ isokinetic flexor and extensor strength;hamstring/quadriceps(H/Q)ratios are calculated to evaluate the unilateral flexor extensor balance of athletes;BSA evaluates the symmetry of athletes’ left and right knee muscle strength,and statistics are produced for differences between different genders and between left and right legs. Results:1)At speeds of 240°/s and 60°/s,although the PT and PT/BW of left and right knee flexion and extension of male athletes are significantly higher than those of female athletes(P<0.05),H/Q ratios of left and right knees and BSA have no gender differences. 2)In China’s national teams of winter sports,the proportion of athletes with a total BSA ≥ 10% is 67%(68/102),of which 36 of them have a BSA ≥ 15%,accounting for 35%. 3)At the speed of 60°/s,there is a gap between Chinese alpine skiers and skiers on the French and Austrian national teams in terms of PT and PT/BW of the knee flexion and extension. Both technique-oriented and speed-oriented alpine skiers have lower right knee H/Q ratios than those of the French national team(technical:0.47±0.00 vs. 0.50 ± 0.08;speed 0.47±0.03 vs. 0.52 ± 0.06). Conclusion:1)35% of the athletes in China’s national teams of winter sports have serious imbalanced knee muscle strength,which poses risk of potential injuries. 2)Weak knee flexor and extensor strength may be one of the factors influencing Chinese alpine skiers’ performance.
作者
杨晓琳
梅涛
王亚琦
何子红
YANG Xiao-lin;MEI Tao;WANG Ya-qi;HE Zi-hong(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China)
出处
《北京体育大学学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第12期125-134,共10页
Journal of Beijing Sport University
基金
国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项“冬季项目运动员专项能力特征和科学选材关键技术——运动员专项能力的分子特征及在冬季项目中的应用研究”(项目编号:2018YFF-0300402)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助课题(项目编号:2019QD019)。
关键词
冰雪项目
运动员
膝关节等速肌力
双侧力量不对称
winter sports
athletes
isokinetic knee strength
bilateral strength asymmetry
