摘要
在中国文学史发轫时期(1900—1910),一批以近代大学堂、中学堂、师范学堂"中国文学"科教科书身份出现的中国文学史著作,其内容除传统文章流别外,还包括传统小学、文法、修辞、文章作法等,与现代意义上的文学史模式迥然不同。这种早期文学史"另类"模式的形成是晚清教育改革、近代学术体系变迁、中西交流背景下传统学术复归的精神诉求等多重因素共同作用的结果。作为"西学东渐"的产物,早期中国文学史编撰不免会受到西方、日本外来资源的影响。这其中,来自日本"汉文典"的重大影响往往被学界所忽视。以保存"旧学"为出发点,以"普及汉学"为教育旨归,以中国传统学术为主导,套用西洋语法著作模式外壳的日本"汉文典",最早实现了中西学术的有效整合,并与晚清教育改革"中体西用"的价值观念相契合。日本"汉文典"被迅速引介入华后,不仅对新式国文教育下的文法教学产生重要影响,也为文法教科书及中国文学史编撰提供了借鉴。梳理日本"汉文典"内容、体例模式及其实践路径对早期中国文学史编撰产生的影响,能够明确早期中国文学史如何接受与吸收以"汉文典"为代表的外来资源,以及中西交流背景下传统学术体系如何尝试完成近代转型。
In the early period of literary history(1900-1910), a number of works on Chinese literary history emerged as “Chinese Literature” textbooks in modern universities, high schools and church schools. The contents of the works included traditional primary schools, grammar, rhetoric and literary studies, which differed vastly from the literary history mode in the modern sense. The formation of this “alternative” model of early literary history was the result of the joint action of the educational reform in the late Qing Dynasty, the changes of modern academic system, the spiritual demands of the return of traditional academics in the context of China-West communication. As a result of “Western learning spreading to the East”, the compilation of early Chinese literary history was influenced by foreign resources from the West and Japan. Among them, the significant influence of Japanese “Chinese classics” on the compilation of early Chinese literary history is often ignored in the academic circles. The Japanese “Chinese classics” included traditional primary schools and literary studies, and introduced the latest Western grammar knowledge, which was similar to the structure and content of Chinese literary history in the early stage. From the starting point of preserving “traditional learning”, the Japanese “Chinese classics” based on “enlightening the people”, which was dominated by traditional Chinese learning and applied the model of Western grammar works, realized the effective integration of Chinese and Western learning for the first time;they were also in line with the value concept of “Chinese learning as substance and Western learning for application” in the education reform in the late Qing Dynasty. Therefore, they were quickly introduced to China. They not only exerted a significant influence on grammar teaching in the new learning system, but also provided references for the compilation of early Chinese literary history. By examining how the content, style and practice of Japanese “Chinese classics” influenced the compilation of early Chinese literary history, we can clarify the acceptance, absorption and application of foreign resources represented by “Chinese classics” in early Chinese literary history, and ascertain how the traditional academic system completed its modern transformation in the context of China-West communication. This is of great significance for clarifying the various sources of the “alternative” mode in early Chinese literary history.
作者
李无未
张品格
LI Wu-wei;ZHANG Pin-ge(Department of Chinese Language&Literature,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,Fujian)
出处
《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期162-172,共11页
Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)
基金
国家哲学社会科学基金冷门绝学研究专项学术团队项目“东亚汉语音韵学史文献发掘与研究”(21VJXT014)
国家哲学社会科学基金重点项目“东亚《韵镜》学史文献发掘与研究”(20AYY017)。
关键词
早期中国文学史
“另类”模式
汉文典
early Chinese literary history
“alternative”model
Chinese classics
