摘要
为了确定水氮耦合及种植密度对垄膜沟灌制种玉米产量及种子活力的影响,提出适宜高活力种子的最佳水氮耦合群体构建模式。2016-2017年,在甘肃省农业科学院张掖节水试验站进行了3因素3水平的正交试验,研究不同处理对种子发芽率、活力指数和玉米产量等指标的影响。结果表明,灌溉定额、施氮量和种植密度对制种玉米的产量、水分利用效率(WUE)和种子活力有显著影响。在灌溉量因素中,灌溉定额W2(4800 m^(3)/hm^(2))产量比W1、W3分别增产14%、15%,发芽率、活力指数在W2水平下效果最佳,发芽率比低灌溉量和高灌溉量分别高2.22和0.27个百分点,活力指数高8.62%和41.52%;在施氮量因素中,施氮量N2(240 kg/hm^(2))产量较N1、N3分别高0.5%、5.3%,发芽率比低灌溉量和高灌溉量分别高3.61和2.88个百分点,活力指数高13.50%和19.60%;在种植密度因素中,密度D16(12.5万株/hm^(2))产量较其他两处理分别高28.8%、29.7%,水分利用效率高1.49~8.67个百分点。综合来看,本试验条件下,制种玉米产量和种子活力在W2N2D16处理下是最强的。采用水肥耦合(灌溉定额为4800 m^(3)/hm^(2),施氮量(N)240 kg/hm^(2))及种植密度(密度12.50万株/hm^(2))的最优模式,可为提高制种玉米产量和种子活力提供技术指导。
In order to determine the effects of water-nitrogen coupling and planting density on the yield and seed vigor of seed maize under ridge mulching-furrow irrigation pattern,and to propose the optimal population construction mode of water-nitrogen coupling suitable for high-vigor seeds,an orthogonal experiment with three factors and three levels was conducted in Zhangye Water-saving Experimental Station of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 2016 to 2017.The effects of different treatments on seed germination rate,vigor index and maize yield were studied.The results showed that the irrigation quota,nitrogen fertilizer application and planting density had significant influence on seed vigor,grain yield and water use efficiency in growth stages of maize.Among the factors of irrigation amount,compared with the low irrigation quota(W1)and high irrigation quota(W3)treatments,the yield of irrigation quota W2(4800 m^(3)/hm^(2))was increased by 14%,15%,respectively.The germination rate and seed vigor index had the best effect at the level of irrigation quota W2.The germination rate was enhanced by 2.22%and 0.27%,and the seed vigor index was enhanced by 8.62%and 41.52%,respectively,than that of low and high irrigation quota.Among the factors of nitrogen fertilizer application,compared with the low nitrogen fertilizer application(N1)and high nitrogen fertilizer application(N3)treatments,the yield of nitrogen fertilizer application N2(2,400 kg/hm^(2))was increased by 0.50%and 5.30%,respectively.The germination rate was 3.61%and 2.88%higher than that of low and high nitrogen fertilizer application,and the seed vigor index was enhanced by 13.50%and 19.60%,respectively.Among the planting density factors,the yield of density D16(125000 plants/hm^(2))was 28.8%and 29.7%higher than that of the other two treatments,and the water use efficiency was enhanced by 1.49%to 8.67%.In conclusion,the yield and seed vigor of seed maize were optimal under W2N2D16 treatment.In this experiment,the optimal irrigation quotas was 4800 m^(3)/hm^(2),the optimal N application rate was 240 kg/hm^(2)and the optimal planting density was 125000 plants/hm^(2).
作者
连彩云
马忠明
LIAN Cai-yun;MA Zhong-ming(Institute of Soil,Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China)
出处
《节水灌溉》
北大核心
2022年第1期31-35,共5页
Water Saving Irrigation
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400207)
甘肃省现代农业区域创新中心(2019GAAS48-1)。
关键词
水氮耦合
种植密度
垄膜沟灌
产量
种子活力
coupling of irrigation and nitrogen application
planting density
ridge mulching-furrow irrigation
yield
seed vigor
