摘要
如何科学合理的确定生态系统是否受到损害、损害到什么程度、损害赔偿如何估算等问题已成为环境管理、环境司法工作所面临的紧迫的现实问题。以生态学、复合生态系统生态学、可持续发展的理论为指导,基于损害基线判定损害事件发生,借此鉴定草原生态系统损害状态及鉴定等级,并从受损生态系统的功能与结构角度提出草原生态环境损害鉴定评估体系,开展对草原生态系统损害的程度评估;最后针对草原生态系统的损害赔偿价值提出量化评估的方法,借此推动生态环境损害鉴定评估法的制定和完善生态环境损害鉴定评估技术体系两个方面提出管理建议。
With the rapid population growth,economic and social development,ecosystem damage incidents occur frequently,which has a negative effect on the structure and function of different ecosystems.The quantitative assessment of eco⁃environmental damage and the improvement of the technical system of identification and assessment are the basis of a scientific and reasonable eco⁃environmental damage compensation system.Currently,there is no special regulation on eco⁃environmental damage identification and assessment in China,so it is unable to provide systematically legal support for the eco⁃environmental damage identification and assessment.At the same time,due to the imperfection of the eco⁃environmental damage identification and assessment technical system,it is hard to conduct related work.The issues of how to scientifically and reasonably determine whether the ecosystem has been damaged,to what extent it has been damaged,and how to estimate the compensation value have become urgently practical problems faced by environmental management and environmental justice.Grassland is the largest terrestrial ecosystem in China,which plays important roles in conserving water,fixing carbon and releasing oxygen,regulating climate and maintaining species diversity and so on.A systematic study of identification and assessment of the grassland ecosystem damage is of great significance to China′s ecological security and construction of ecological civilization.Guided by the theories of ecology,complex ecosystem ecology and sustainable development,this paper builds up a system of identifying the damage incident based on damage baseline and identifies the seriousness and status of grassland ecosystem damage.The assessment system of grassland ecosystem damage is then put forward from the perspective of the function and the structure of the damaged ecosystem.Finally,the method of compensation value evaluation and quantification for grassland ecosystem damage is proposed.By doing so,the establishment of regulations for identification and assessment of eco⁃environment damage can be promoted,and the management suggestions can be proposed for the technical system of ecosystem damage identification and assessment.The construction of the system for identification,assessment and compensation value quantification of grassland ecosystem damage is a useful attempt for grassland ecosystem management.
作者
李爽
马一丁
付晓
严岩
LI Shuang;MA Yiding;FU Xiao;YAN Yan(State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environment Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期169-175,共7页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0503603)。
关键词
生态系统损害
评估、鉴定、赔偿、管理体系
ecosystem damage
assessment identification compensation management system
