摘要
【目的】探寻温室番茄适宜水气组合及加气阈值,为温室番茄的高产提供理论基础及技术指导。【方法】采用微纳米气泡水结合地下滴灌系统,设置了3个灌溉水溶解氧质量浓度分别为井水对照3~5 mg/L(O1)、15 mg/L(O2)和25 mg/L(O3),每个溶解氧质量浓度下均设置3种不同灌溉控制水平,土壤含水率分别控制在田间持水率的50%~70%(W1)、65%~85%(W2)和80%~100%(W3),共9个处理,研究不同水气组合对温室番茄的生长生理指标、产量和水分利用效率的影响。【结果】株高和茎粗均随土壤含水率的增大而显著提升。土壤水分状况显著影响了叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2摩尔分数(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr),水气交互作用极显著影响Tr。充分供水条件下,O2W3处理的干物质累积量最大。根干物质量随土壤含水率(p<0.01)和灌溉水溶解氧质量浓度(p<0.01)的增加而增加。植株根冠比随土壤含水率的增加呈先降低后增加的趋势,随溶解氧质量浓度的增大而增大。单株产量和水分利用效率(WUE)均随土壤含水率的降低而显著降低,产量随灌溉水溶解氧质量浓度的增大有先增大后减小的变化趋势,其中O2W3处理的单株产量最大(1.77 kg/株);水气交互作用对WUE产生了显著影响,在充分供水条件下(W3),与O1处理相比,O2处理和O3处理的WUE分别增加了26.8%和21.4%,且差异显著。【结论】加气灌溉对番茄生长有一定积极影响,对根系生长有明显的促进作用。O2W3处理即加气量为15 mg/L,灌水下限为田间持水率的80%时,可达到促进番茄生长和高产高效的协调统一。
【Objective】 The rhizosphere can become hypoxia as soil water content increases thereby hindering root respiration and hampering crop growth. Bubbling subsurface drip-irrigation water is one remediation to ameliorate root-zone anaerobicity and has been increasingly used in facility agriculture production. Since water content and oxygen concentration in the soil counter each other, this paper is to investigate their optimal combination to sustain greenhouse tomato production in northern and central China.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse with micro-nano air bubble mixed with water before drip-irrigating it to the subsurface. We compared three oxygen concentrations: 3~5 mg/L(O1), 15 mg/L(O2) and 25 mg/L(O3);each aeration had three irrigation treatments with the average soil moisture in the root zone controlled at 50%~70%(W1), 65%~85%(W2) and 80%~100%(W3) of the field capacity, respectively. We measured the change in growth, physiological traits, yield and water use efficiency in each treatment. 【Result】 Increasing soil water content not only increased plant height and stem diameter, but also affected the leaf net photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(Ci) and transpiration rate(Tr) of the crop, all at significant levels. Irrigation and aeration jointly affected Tr. When irrigating with sufficient water(W3), a moderate aeration(O2) maximized the dry matter accumulation. The dry root matter increased with both soil water content and the dissolved oxygen concentration significantly(P<0.01), while soil water affected shoot biomass more significantly(P<0.01) and the irrigation-aeration integration(P<0.05). With the increase in soil water content, the root-shoot ratio declined first followed by an increase, while it monotonically increased with the dissolved oxygen concentration. The yield/per plant and water use efficiency(WUE) both increased with soil water content significantly, while with the dissolved oxygen concentration increasing, the yield increased first followed by a decrease. Of all treatments we compared,O2+W3 gave the highest yield, 1.77 kg/plant. Irrigation-aeration was also found to impact WUE significantly;compared with O1, O2 and O3 improved the WUE by 26.8% and 21.4%, respectively, when irrigating the crop with sufficient water(W3). 【Conclusion】Aerated irrigation benefited tomato growth and yield due to the boosted root growth. For the treatments we compared, aerating the subsurface drip-irrigation water to 15 mg/L(dissolved oxygen)coupled with a sufficient irrigation(O2+W3) was optimal for greenhouse tomato production in the area we studied.
作者
庞婕
韩其晟
周爽
李欢欢
宋嘉雯
刘浩
PANG Jie;HAN Qisheng;ZHOU Shuang;LI Huanhuan;SONG Jiawen;LIU Hao(Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xinxiang 453002,China;College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering,Tarim University,Alaer 843300,China)
出处
《灌溉排水学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期87-94,共8页
Journal of Irrigation and Drainage
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51779259)。
关键词
加气灌溉
产量
水分利用效率
地下滴灌
番茄
aerated irrigation
yield
water use efficiency
subsurface drip irrigation
tomato
