摘要
为探寻优质强筋小麦产量和品质协同提升的栽培途径,以优质强筋小麦济麦44为材料,研究灌浆期喷施不同类型叶面肥对其产量和品质的影响,同时通过测定小麦旗叶光合特性、籽粒灌浆特性、物质积累及转运等指标以探究产量和品质协同提升的生理机制。结果表明,灌浆期喷施1%尿素、1%尿素硝酸铵和1%尿素+0.3%磷酸二氢钾均可显著提高济麦44灌浆前期旗叶净光合速率(Pn),减缓灌浆后期旗叶Pn降低,提高籽粒灌浆速率和延长缓增期、快增期持续时间,最终提高千粒重和产量;促进植株和籽粒氮素积累,籽粒蛋白质和湿面筋含量升高;与喷施纯氮叶面肥(1%尿素、1%尿素硝酸铵)相比,1%尿素配施0.3%磷酸二氢钾旗叶Pn、籽粒灌浆速率和产量的升幅更大。喷施纯氮叶面肥降低面团稳定时间,大多降低最大拉伸阻力。1%尿素配施0.3%磷酸二氢钾处理提高籽粒蛋白质含量,降低沉降值,提高面团稳定时间和最大拉伸阻力,有利于品质提高。喷施1%ALVEA海藻提取物提高旗叶净光合速率、氮素吸收指数、籽粒产量、蛋白质和湿面筋含量,面团稳定时间和最大拉伸阻力也有所改善。可见,灌浆期氮与磷钾肥配施或单独喷施ALVEA海藻提取物都可促进济麦44产量和品质的协同提高,考虑到经济投入,可选择在灌浆期喷施氮磷钾配比的叶面肥(1%尿素+0.3%磷酸二氢钾),而绿色有机农产品生产可考虑喷施海藻提取物。
In order to explore the cultivation way for synergistic improvement of yield and quality of high-quality strong-gluten wheat,different types of foliar fertilizers were used to study their effects on yield and quality of the wheat cultivar Jimai 44 with good quality and strong gluten.The photosynthetic characteristics,grain filling characteristics,matter accumulation and transport,yield and quality were determined.The results showed that spraying 1%urea,1%urea ammonium nitrate or 1%urea+0.3%potassium dihydrogen phosphate at grain filling stage could significantly increase the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of flag leaves at early filling stage,slow down the decrease of Pn at late filling stage,improve the grain filling rate and prolong the duration of slow and rapid growth stages,and finally increase the 1000-grain weight and yield;their application also promoted the accumulation of nitrogen in plants and grains,and ehanced the contents of grain protein and wet gluten.The highest increment of Pn,grain filling rate and yield was found after spraying 1%urea+0.3%potassium dihydrogen phosphate.Spraying 1%urea and 1%urea ammonium nitrate reduced dough stability time and most maximum tensile resistance,but 1%urea+0.3%potassium dihydrogen phosphate increased grain protein content,dough stability time and maximum tensile resistance,but decreased sedimentation value,which were benefit to quality improvement.After spraying 1%ALVEA,the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves,nitrogen absorption index,grain yield,protein and wet gluten contents,dough stability time and maximum tensile resistance of Jimai 44 were improved.It could be seen that spraying nitrogen fertilizer combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers or only ALVEA seaweed extract during grain filling period could promote the coordinated improvement of yield and quality of Jimai 44.Considering economic investment,foliar fertilizer(1%urea+0.3%potassium dihydrogen phosphate)could be used during grain filling period,while spraying seaweed extract could be considered for the production of green organic agricultural products.
作者
屈磊
程敦公
赵楠
黄杰
李华伟
Qu Lei;Cheng Dungong;Zhao Nan;Huang Jie;Li Huawei(Crop Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Shandong Luyan Seed Co.,Ltd.,Jinan250100,China;Shandong Agricultural Machinery Test and Appraisal Station,Jinan 250100,China)
出处
《山东农业科学》
北大核心
2022年第1期68-73,共6页
Shandong Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划项目“绿色超强筋小麦新品种济麦44示范推广”(SQ2020YFF0426455)
山东省农业良种工程项目“优质强筋小麦突破性新品种选育”(2019LZGC001)。
关键词
优质强筋小麦
产量和品质协同提升
蛋白质
稳定时间
High-quality strong-gluten wheat
Synergistic improvement of yield and quality
Protein
Dough stability time
