摘要
我国石材矿山具有数量多、规模小、分布广的特点,但是石材行业绿色矿山建设缺乏规范要求和指导方案,推进较为缓慢,目前入库的国家级石材绿色矿山仅5家,占全国绿色矿山总量的0.4%,占全国石材矿山总量不足0.1%。针对上述问题,本文通过对比分析文献研究和企业调研,明确了石材矿山在矿区环境、开发方式、综合利用、节能减排、数字化矿山和企地和谐等5个方面的核心内容和基本要求,并在此基础上提出了石材绿色矿山建设的主要技术方案。石材开采优先采用机械化锯切开采工艺及其先进设备,提高开采荒料率;综合开发利用废石渣、边角料、石粉、表土和渣土等废弃物,提高资源综合利用率;矿山高陡边坡采用挂网喷播法、种植槽法、阶梯法和上爬下挂立体绿化法等生态修复方法,恢复矿山地质环境;构建由“一个中心”和“四个平台”组成的数字化石材矿山综合系统,实现生产过程可视化、监控调度实时化、生产信息透明化和安全生产标准化。通过本文讨论以期为推进石材行业绿色矿山建设奠定基础并提供指导。
The stone mines in China have features of large quantity,small scale and wide distribution.However,it is lack of specification requirement and guidance scheme for stone green mine construction,the process of construction is relatively slow,at present,there are only five national stone green mines,which occupy about 0.4%of the total quantity of national green mines and less than 0.1%of the total quantity of stone mines.Aiming at these problems,the core element and basic requirements of stone green mine are clarified in mining environment,development mode,comprehensive utilization,energy conservation and emission reduction,digital mine and enterprise-locality harmony through comparative analysis,literature research and enterprise research.On the basis of that,major technical solution of stone green mine construction is proposed.Sawing mining method and its advanced equipment should be applied to increase mining rate of stone block.Mining wastes such as debris,scrap,stone powder,topsoil and residue should be utilized comprehensively to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of the mineral resources.Ecological restoration methods for high and steep slope such as net-suspended spray seeding,planting slot,laddering greening and climb up and hang down the three-dimensional greening should be applied to restore mining geo-environment.The digital stone mine synthetic system includes one data center and four application platform,which can achieve visualization of production process,monitoring and scheduling in real-time,production information transparency and safety production standardization.Through the discussion in this paper,it is expected to lay the foundation and provide guidance for promoting the construction of green mines in stone industry.
作者
杨霄
YANG Xiao(China Coal Geology Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100043,China)
出处
《中国矿业》
2022年第2期51-58,共8页
China Mining Magazine
基金
中国煤炭地质总局科技发展专项资金项目“绿色矿山建设实施技术方案研究”资助(编号:ZMKJ-2019-J32)。
