摘要
《老子》出土簡帛本已有四種,敦煌本及傳世本更有不少,異文衆多。排比異文,會而箋之,以《老》解《老》,可以解决一些疑難,有助於了解《老子》的文義、思想。如第1章中,"兩者同出",帛書本前無"此"字,當從,"兩者"應該是泛指凡對偶爲兩者;"以觀其妙"之"妙"義爲"成"。第2章闡發第1章之"兩者","爲而不恃"之"恃"當讀爲"持",與51、77章等相關。第3章"强其骨"舊多不爲人注意,其實"强"與"物壯則老,是謂不道,不道早已"之"壯"相關,説明聖人治民,雖是無爲之治,然亦是"以百姓爲芻狗",合於道然並非與民同歸於道、守柔。第4章"道沖,而用之或不盈","而"之義爲故,"或"義爲如。第5章"芻狗"讀爲"雛狗","雛"本義爲雞子,即小雞;"不仁"乃無偏私,"不屈"乃"不積"之義。
There are four unearthed bamboo and silk versions of Laozi(老子),and there are many versions found in Dunhuang(敦煌)and handed down from previous dynasties,with many different texts.Comparing the differences between different versions can solve some problems and help to understand the meaning and thought of Laozi(老子).For example,in Chapter 1,"兩者同出",there is no word"此"before the sentence in the silk manuscript,which should be followed."兩者"should be a catch-all,and any duality can be called"兩者".Chapter 2 explains the"兩者"in Chapter 1,and"恃"should be read as"持",which is related to chapters 51 and 77.Chapter 3"强其骨"was mostly ignored in the past.In fact,"强"is related to the"壯"of"物壯則老".This shows that the sage governs his people by the method of"無爲",which is consistent with the Dao(道),but not returning to the Dao(道)with the people.Chapter 4"道沖,而用之或不盈","而"means therefore,and"或"means as.Chapter 5"芻狗"should be read as"雛狗","雛"is the chick."不仁"means no partiality,"不屈"means"no accumulation".
作者
李鋭
張帆
Li Rui;Zhang Fan
基金
2019年度國家社科基金重大項目“出土簡帛文獻與古書形成問題研究”(19ZDA250)科研基金的資助。
关键词
《老子》
簡帛
兩者同出
芻狗
Laozi(老子)
bamboo silp and silk manuscript
兩者同出
芻狗
