摘要
随着旅游实践不再被看作是一种非同寻常的实践活动,而是一种日常实践活动,对旅游的认识也不应被束缚在传统的现代性框架之中,而需借助旅游发展史,揭示当代旅游实践自身的当代现实特征,并回归到其最初的实践形态--一种特定的移动方式,从而将思之方向落在旅游实践的建构意义之上,探讨旅游实践的日常化对于生活世界来说有何种"新"的建构意义。因此,当代旅游实践的反思和批判应当经历一次"还原",将旅游从启蒙叙事中"解救"出来,悬搁已有批判,并将旅游放入移动性框架之中,通过"惯常-非惯常"背景、权力背景、生存背景和目的性假设4个层级还原出旅游实践的基本内涵。在一种最为基础的层面上,旅游实践在移动性中获得了日常化后的"新"含义,基于此,可对当代旅游实践的新特征和建构意义进行再认识。
Tourism is no longer a rare event that is a break from everyday life;it is an event in and of daily life.Once regarded as a predominantly economic phenomenon,tourism has since been grasped as a specific,counter-everyday phenomenon within the vision of the humanities and social sciences.Today,however,the daily features of tourism are gradually coming to the fore,making it more difficult for researchers to adequately reflect on it.Amidst the overlap of multiple domains—particularly economics,culture,and ethics—researchers’attitudes and perceptions of the place and significance of tourism have begun to waver.The critique of everyday life is a modern interpretation that grows out of the philosophy of existentialism(Heidegger),the elimination of alienation(Heller),the art of living(Dewey)and social reality(Lefebvre).This framework has for a long time provided a humanities and social sciences perspective for reflection on tourism phenomena.However,tourism both belongs to and constructs daily life,a construction that manifests itself prominently with tourism consumption and the universal identity of the tourist.Therefore,cognition of travel needs to be developed,as the applicability of critical theory under the current enlightenment narrative to this cognition is one-sided.When theoretical frameworks have limitations,hinder the development of understanding and obscure the emergence of new understanding,researchers should not cling to them but rather critique them and try to go beyond them.Researchers should deepen reflection through developing broader perspectives in order to discover new characteristics,new realities and new meanings of tourism practice.The reflection and critique of contemporary tourism practices should undergo a reduction.The following study places tourism within a mobility framework,restoring the basic connotations of tourism practices through four levels of suspension:the“habitual-non-habitual”context,the power context,the livelihood context including purposive assumptions,and attempts to reconceptualize the new features and constructed meanings of contemporary tourism practices in terms of what it means to be a tourism practice within a mobility framework.This new understanding reveals that“tourist”is not a category for a specific group of people,but a universal identity of“me”within the“us-them”structure.It is in the practice of tourism that the basic practical relationship between“me”and the alienworld,and the original experience of alienworld is realized for the first time.The tourist is not an anthropologist and lacks even the urgent desire to know“them”;the cognitive violence of incorporating“their”world into“our”cognitive structures is thus avoided.The tourist identity of the“me”replaces the mariner and the nomad,and gives way to a“nonviolent”leisure practice within the“us-them”structure.It is precisely because of the leisurely character of tourism as a“visit here”that the world of tourism becomes the tourism world.
作者
方芳
FANG Fang(Research Center for Phenomenology and Thoughts of Mind-Nature,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310030,China)
出处
《旅游学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期44-55,共12页
Tourism Tribune
关键词
旅游实践
移动性
现代性
日常化
还原
Tourism practice
mobility
modernity
dailyness
reduction
