摘要
定中复合平行式多义词有两个无衍生关系的义项,但二者间存在共时语义关联。考察显示:当中心语素以同一入词义参构词位变体时,近80%的平行义项组构成类义、同类交叉、上位概念类义等直接语义关系或基于直接语义关系的介接关系,这些语义关系是平行义项得以聚合为多义义场的重要基础。限定语素和中心语素在词位变体中的物性结构信息都对义项关系多样性的形成有所影响。平行义项的语义范畴向心趋势明显,并呈现出义项相关度的梯度变化,同时,也有一些义项不属于中心语素所指的语义范畴。作为同一语素项的中心语素,在定中式名词的平行义位中有时以临时隐喻义或临时转喻义入词。语素的转喻用法和词义的整体转指是平行义位中语义离心的重要成因。
The "parallel" polysemies with modifier-head structure have two non-derivative meanings, but there are synchronic semantic correlations between them. Investigation shows that when the head morphemes join in lexeme variations with identical meanings, about 80 percent of the groups of parallel senses constitute direct semantic relations such as taxonomy, taxonomy of superordinate concepts, epitaxial overlapping or conjunction of direct semantic relations, these semantic relationships being important basis for the aggregation of parallel senses into polysemy semantic fields. The qualia structure information of the modifier morpheme and head morpheme in the lexical items has an influence on the formation of the diversity of semantic relations. The overall semantic centripetal trend of parallel senses is obvious, showing a gradient change of semantic distance;meanwhile, there are some word senses which do not belong to the semantic category of the head morpheme. Sometimes, head morphemes, as identical morpheme items, join in words with temporary metaphorical or metonymical meanings in parallel sememes of modifier-head compound nouns. The metaphorical usage of morphemes and the metonymy of word meaning are important causes of semantic centrifugation in parallel sememes.
出处
《语言教学与研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期103-112,共10页
Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“境外华语资源数据库建设及应用研究”(19ZDA311)
国家语委汉语辞书研究中心项目“新兴家装类词语的语义本体及辞书收释研究”(CSZX-PY-202006)的资助。
关键词
平行式多义词
平行义项
词项
物性结构信息
义项相关度
parallel polysemy
parallel senses
lexical item
qualia structure information
relevance of sense
