摘要
【目的】分析近年来国家小麦区域试验长江上游组参试品系的产量及其相关因素的变化趋势,可为该区域小麦新品种选育和生产推广提供借鉴。【方法】利用2009—2020年长江上游组国家小麦区试参试品系的产量、产量构成因素及相关农艺性状的区试结果,分析其演变规律和相关性。【结果】12年间长江上游麦区参试品系的变异系数排序为:全生育期<千粒重<株高<有效穗<产量<穗粒数。参试品系的年度平均产量为4 944.6~6 087.8 kg/hm^(2),总平均5 464.3 kg/hm^(2),整体表现为随年份的推进而缓慢提高。产量构成因素中,有效穗、穗粒数均表现为随年份的推进而逐步提高,千粒重则缓慢降低,其中穗粒数的增加最为明显。从主要农艺性状来看,全生育期受环境影响更为明显,而株高对产量起到极大限制作用。相关性分析表明,产量与株高呈极显著负相关。【结论】12年间参试品系的产量水平同对照相比没有显著性差异,穗粒数是长江上游麦区产量提升的关键因素,选择株高适中且抗倒伏的品种更有利于实现稳产。
【Objective】The evolution law of yield and yield-related traits of new wheat lines(varieties)in upper reaches of Yangtze River basin in recent years was analyzed,which can provide some theoretical basis for breeding and production of wheat cultivars in this region.【Method】Based on the yield,yield components and yield-related agronomic traits of national trial in the upper reaches of Yangtze River basin from 2009 to 2020,the evolution law and correlation were analyzed.【Result】The coefficient of variation of the tested lines in the upper reaches of Yangtze River basin in 12 years was as follows:whole growth duration<thousand kernel weight<plant height<number of effective ear<yield<number of grains per spike.The annual average yield of the tested lines increased slowly as the years progressed,ranging from 4944.6 kg/hm^(2) to 6087.8 kg/hm^(2),with a total average of 5464.3 kg/hm^(2).Among the yield components,the number of grains per spike increased most obviously with the advance of the year,followed by the number of effective ear,while the thousand kernel weight decreased slowly.For the main yield-related agronomic traits,the whole growth duration of tested lines was more dramatically affected by the environment,while the increase of yield was significantly limited by plant height.Correlation analysis showed that the yield was extremely negatively correlated with plant height.【Conclusion】There was no significant difference in the yield level between the tested lines and the check in 12 years.The number of grains per spike was the key factor to improve the yield in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River basin.Choosing varieties with moderate plant height and lodging resistance is more propitious to stable production.
作者
李式昭
涂洋
朱华忠
吕季娟
郑建敏
万洪深
罗江陶
杨漫宇
伍玲
LI Shizhao;TU Yang;ZHU Huazhong;LYU Jijuan;ZHENG Jianmin;WAN Hongshen;LUO Jiangtao;YANG Manyu;WU Ling(Crop Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 610066,China;Sichuan Seed Management Station,Chengdu 610041,China)
出处
《四川农业大学学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期19-27,共9页
Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University
基金
四川省农作物育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0002)
四川省农业科学院现代农业学科建设项目(2021XKJS005)。
