摘要
信息技术的蓬勃发展带来了全球信息的爆炸式增长,同时也使人们在面对海量信息时必须充分考虑可信度问题。国际iSchools运动衍生出的iField学科以图书馆学、情报学为代表,也与传播学、计算机科学等其他信息相关学科有一定交叉。iField视域下的可信度研究涉及人、信息、技术与社会的交互,本文梳理过去二十余年间国内外在这一领域的研究和探索。首先,从概念内涵、理论基础、研究方法三个层面对可信度研究进行溯源;其次,基于技术环境与社会环境变迁的双重视角解析可信度研究的主题演化逻辑,总结可信度研究在Web 1.0、Web2.0、社交媒体、人工智能四个标志性阶段的研究重点与难点,并提炼出可信度研究的主题演化框架;最后,从概念内涵拓展、研究方法革新、可信度话题延展等角度对未来研究进行了前沿展望。本文希望厘清可信度研究的发展脉络,推动可信度研究的进一步拓新,为未来网络信息资源治理实践提供参考。
During the past two decades,the development of information communication technologies has largely changed our sociotechnical systems.The proliferation of Internet technologies,especially,significantly resulted in the information explosion.On the one hand,people benefited from the explosive growth of information;on the other hand,individuals who suffered from the information flooding encountered many challenges in assessing information credibility.Researchers in the information-related field(iField,e.g.,library and information science,communication,computer science,and human-computer interaction)have contributed to tons of literature to understand credibility and its relationship among people,information,technologies,and society.This paper aims to comprehensively review the credibility literature in the iField.First,we reviewed the conceptual development of credibility research,in terms of conceptualizations,theories,and methodologies.Regarding conceptualization,we summarized four kinds of approaches of conceptualizing credibility:1)conceptualizing credibility as a multidimensional or multifaced concept;2)conceptualizing credibility from the different causes;3)conceptualizing credibility on abstract information objects;4)conceptualizing credibility on concrete information or technology objects.In terms of theoretical development,the review suggested that the theories adopted in prior credibility studies came from multiple disciplinary veins.Second,we reviewed how the changes of external technology landscapes drove the conceptual development of credibility research.We found that in the early stage of Web era,credibility research was expanding its scope from studying traditional mass media to digital media.With the advent of Web 2.0,user-generated content(UGC)has become an important issue for credibility research.Moreover,social media imposed great social influence on people’s information behaviors and created powerful means of mis-and disinformation distribution,which raised notable credibility-related concerns.Additionally,the emerging technology of artificial intelligence(AI)allows machines to generate and distribute information and created new issues for credibility research.Centered on the review,we identified the key components and carefully sketched the picture about topic evolution in credibility research.Third,based on the review,we proposed several future directions from the conceptual,methodological,and topic perspectives respectively.Conceptually,future research could refine the concept of credibility to cope with the changes in sociotechnical systems and develop the measurement scales of credibility concept.Methodologically,we call for more longitudinal studies and further efforts of applying interdisciplinary methods or tools to uncover the cognitive,affective,behavioral mechanisms of human credibility assessment.Finally,we proposed several topics for future research to consider,namely the credibility issues in digital health,cyberspace governance,e-commerce,and internet finance.
作者
宋士杰
赵宇翔
朱庆华
SONG Shijie;ZHAO Yuxiang;ZHU Qinghua
出处
《中国图书馆学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期107-126,共20页
Journal of Library Science in China
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“公共文化服务领域开放数据的价值共创机制及实现模式研究”(编号:72074112)的研究成果之一。
关键词
信息可信度
概念溯源
研究方法
主题演化
研究综述
iField
Information credibility research
Conceptual development
Research method
Topic evolution
Literature review
iField
