摘要
目前石漠化地区的植被恢复是生态系统研究的一大难题。以武陵山石漠化综合治理国家长期科研基地人工林为研究区,通过野外踏查选定樟树-马尾松人工林为研究对象,采用单因素方差分析、相关性分析和主成分分析相结合的方法,研究该地区樟树Cinnamomum camphora-马尾松Pinus massoniana林在无石漠化、轻度石漠化、中度石漠化和强度石漠化4种等级石漠化环境下的植被特征、土壤物理特征以及两者之间的关系,以期探寻不同等级石漠化环境下人工林植被和土壤物理性质的变化规律,为该地区生态恢复和石漠化治理提供理论依据。结果显示,(1)4种等级石漠化环境的物种多样性指数存在显著差异,均匀度与丰富度指数随石漠化等级的增加而逐渐减小。(2)草本层植物共有24科35属36种,以禾本科、菊科为主;灌木层植物共有28科43属47种,以蔷薇科为主;乔木层植物共有13科13属13种,以樟科为主,物种相对丰富。同一物种对不同等级石漠化环境的适应性差异显著,蔷薇科植物可作为石漠化等级的区分指标。(3)同一石漠化环境下,除土壤容重外,土壤自然含水量、田间持水量、最大持水量、毛管持水量、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、土壤通气度等土壤物理指标随土层的加深呈减小趋势。不同石漠化环境下土壤物理特征(土壤容重、最大持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量)存在显著差异(P<0.05),除土壤容重以外,其他指标随着石漠化等级的增加呈现先减小后增加的趋势。(4)相关性分析表明,土壤物理特征与石漠化等级、植物多样性指数间存在显著的相关性(P<0.05)。主成分分析表明,土壤容重、土壤自然含水量、田间持水量、最大持水量、毛管持水量、毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度是影响不同等级石漠化环境下植物群落特征的主要土壤因子,累积解释量为82.486%。综上,在人工造林一定时间后,该区域不同等级石漠化环境下的物种数量逐渐增加,土壤物理结构有所改善,植被和土壤之间存在相互作用,但距离恢复成理想的群落结构还有一定的差距。建议在后期植被恢复时不仅要考虑植物的多样性,还要考虑不同石漠化等级的适生植物物种。
At present, vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas has become a major problem in ecosystem research. This study examined the artificial forest area located in the national long-term scientific research base for comprehensive control of rocky desertification in the Wuling Mountain. The Cinnamomum camphora-Pinus massoniana plantations were selected as the research object through field surveys. Using One-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis, the study examined the vegetation characteristics and soil physical characteristics of Cinnamomum camphora and Pinus massoniana forests in four different rocky desertification environments(i.e., without rocky desertification, light rocky desertification, moderate rocky desertification, and severe rocky desertification). The purpose was to identify the changing patterns of vegetation and soil physical properties of the artificial forest in different grades of rocky desertification environments and provide theoretical basis for ecological restoration and rocky desertification control in this area. The results are as follows:(1) There were significant differences in the species diversity index of the four grades of rocky desertification environments. In addition, the evenness index and richness index gradually decreased as rocky desertification grades increased.(2) The herb layer contained 24 families, 35 genera, and 36 species, mainly Gramineae and Compositae. The shrub layer contained 28 families, 43 genera and 47 species, mainly Rosaicaceae. The tree layer contained 13 families,13 genera, and 13 species, mainly Lauraceae. Species were relatively rich. The adaptability of the same species to different grades of rocky desertification environments varied significantly and Rosaicaceae could be used as a distinguishing index of rocky desertification.(3) In the same rocky desertification environment, except for the soil bulk density, soil physical indexes(i.e., natural water content, field capacity, maximum capacity, capillary capacity, soil porosity, non-capillary porosity, total porosity, and soil aeration) decreased as the soil depth increased. Soil physical characteristics(i.e., soil bulk density, maximum water content capacity,capillary water content capacity, and field water content capacity) varied significantly in different rocky desertification environments(P<0.05). Except for the soil bulk density, other index values first decreased and then increased with the increase of the rocky desertification degree.(4) Correlation analyses showed that soil physical characteristics had strong correlations with rocky desertification levels and plant diversity index values. Principal component analysis showed that soil bulk density, soil natural water content, field capacity, maximum capacity, capillary capacity, soil capillary porosity, and total porosity were the main soil factors affecting plant community characteristics in different grades of rocky desertification environments. The cumulative explanation was 82.486%. In summary, after a certain period of artificial afforestation, the species composition under different levels of rocky desertification in the region gradually increased, the soil physical structure had been improved, and an interaction between vegetation and soil properties occurred. Restoration of an ideal community structure still requires more efforts. Results suggested that both the diversity and appropriateness of the plant species for different rocky desertification levels should be considered in the effort to restore vegetation.
作者
陈双双
朱宁华
周光益
袁星明
尚海
王迤翾
CHEN Shuangshuang;ZHU Ninghua;ZHOU Guangyi;YUAN Xingming;SHANG Hai;WANG Yixuan(Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,P.R.China;Research Institute of Tropical Forestry,CAF,Guangzhou 510520,P.R.China;Forest Ecology Research Experimental Station of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture,Yongshun 416700,P.R.China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期52-61,共10页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
中央级科研院所基本科研业务费重点项目(CAFYBB2019SZ003)
中南林业科技大学研究生创新基金项目(CX20202002)。
关键词
石漠化
人工造林
植物多样性
土壤物理特征
主成分分析
rocky desertification
artificial afforestation
plant diversity
soil physical characteristics
principal component analysis
