摘要
针对黄淮海平原夏玉米硬茬播种导致耕层变浅和光温水肥资源利用效率下降的问题,本试验设置遁耕分层施肥后播种(简称“遁耕”)和硬茬种肥同播(简称“硬茬”)两个处理,测定比较了土壤容重、含水率和养分含量,并在玉米大喇叭口期、抽雄期、吐丝期、灌浆后期和成熟期对玉米生长发育性状、干物质积累性状、产量构成性状进行了调查和差异比较;最后比较分析了玉米水分利用效率和偏氮肥生产力。结果表明,遁耕处理与硬茬处理相比,可明显地降低土壤容重,增加土壤含水率和20~40 cm土层氮磷钾养分含量。遁耕处理的玉米株高和单株叶面积在大喇叭口期到吐丝期明显高于硬茬处理,叶干重从大喇叭口期到抽雄期、穗干重从吐丝期到灌浆后期都显著高于硬茬处理;穗粗、行粒数、百粒重、穗轴重、单株粒重、单株秸秆重和产量也显著高于硬茬播种。与硬茬处理相比,遁耕处理显著提高了水分利用效率和偏氮肥生产力,并增产19.53%。因此,遁耕分层施肥一体化技术明显优化了土壤容重和水分及养分分布,调控了玉米生长发育节奏和产量构成要素,增加了玉米干物质积累,提高穗粒数和粒重,从而实现增产。
In the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,the hard stubble seeding of summer maize has caused a shallowed top soil layer,which induced decreasing of use efficiencies of sources,such as light,heat,water,and fertilizers of summer maize.Therefore,this experiment applied a new tillage-fertilization technology,deep tillage and delamination fertilization(DTDF),to solve the above problem.In the experiment,two treatments were set:DTDF+seeding(DTDF)and hard stubble seeding and fertilization(HSSF);the soil bulk density,soil moisture content,and soil nutrients contents were investigated at the big trumpet,tasseling,silking,late filling stages of summer maize.In addition,the growth and development traits,dry matter accumulation traits,and yield components of summer maize were investigated too.Finally,the water use efficiency and partial nitrogen productivity of summer maize were analyzed.The results showed that the soil bulk density was significantly reduced,soil water content was increased.Soil contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium at 20-40 cm were higher than those at 0-20 cm under DTDF treatment,indicating a mitigating effect on surface accumulation of nutrients.The plant height and leaf area per plant of summer maize during the big horn to silking stages,the dry leaf weight during the big horn to tasseling stages,and the dry ear weight during the silking to late filling stages under DTDF treatment were significantly higher than those under HSSF treatment.Ear diameter,grain number per row,100-grain weight,cob weight,grain weight per plant,straw weight per plant,and yield under DTDF treatment were also higher than those under HSSF treatment.The DTDF treatment significantly increased water use efficiency,partial nitrogen productivity,and maize yield compared with the HSSF treatment.Therefore,the DTDF optimized the soil bulk density,water and nutrient distribution,regulated maize growth and development,and increased yield,water use efficiency,and partial nitrogen productivity of summer maize.This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the high-quality development of farmland and sustainable green improvement of maize production in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.
作者
徐萍
杨宪杰
邓学斌
杨震
孙彦玲
张正斌
XU Ping;YANG Xianjie;DENG Xuebin;YANG Zhen;SUN Yanling;ZHANG Zhengbin(Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;Innovative Academy of Seed Design,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Shandong Chixiang Machinery Co.Ltd.,Dezhou 253000,China;Agricultural Broadcasting and Television School,Lingcheng District,Dezhou 253000,China;Hebei Agricultural Mechanization Technology Extension Station,Shijiazhuang 050011,China)
出处
《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期389-398,共10页
Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金
河北省重点研发计划项目(20326403D)资助。
关键词
玉米
遁耕
分层施肥
产量
调控效应
Maize
Deep tillage
Delamination fertilization
Yield
Regulate effect
