摘要
【目的】探讨复合微生态制剂在断奶仔猪饲料中的添加比例及其替代抗生素后对仔猪的影响。【方法】选取80头日龄(28 d±2 d)、体重(9.31 kg±0.52 kg)接近,健康状况良好的三元杂交断奶仔猪(杜×长×大),随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复4头仔猪(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础饲粮;低、中、高剂量复合微生态制剂组(LOW、MED和HIG)分别在基础饲粮中添加0.1%、0.2%、0.3%复合微生态制剂(活菌数分别为1×1011、2×1011、3×1011 CFU/kg);抗生素组(ANT)在基础饲粮中添加75 mg/kg金霉素。试验期为28 d。记录试验仔猪初始体重、终末体重、腹泻及采食情况。试验第28天采集仔猪前腔静脉血,测定血清生化指标和免疫指标;采集盲肠内容物,利用16S rRNA测序技术分析肠道菌群变化。【结果】与对照组相比,①MED组的平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)均显著上升(P<0.05),且与ANT组没有显著差异(P>0.05);MED和HIG组的料重比(F/G)均显著降低(P<0.05),且与ANT组没有显著差异(P>0.05);LOW和MED组的腹泻率均显著降低(P<0.05)且与ANT组没有显著差异(P>0.05)。②MED和HIG组仔猪胸腺指数及MED组脾脏指数均显著上升(P<0.05)。MED组胸腺指数和脾脏指数均显著高于ANT组(P<0.05)。③LOW、MED和HIG组血清高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量显著上升(P<0.05),MED和ANT组的白蛋白(ALB)含量显著上升(P<0.05),LOW、MED和ANT组的天门冬氨基酸转移酶(AST)活性均显著降低(P<0.05)。④LOW和MED组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著升高(P<0.05);MED和ANT组血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量均显著升高(P<0.05),且与ANT组没有显著差异(P>0.05)。⑤LOW、MED和ANT组仔猪盲肠菌群厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),LOW和ANT组普雷沃氏菌属_1(Prevotella_1)相对丰度显著下降(P<0.05);HIG和ANT组变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度显著下降(P<0.05);LOW、MED、HIG和ANT组理研菌科(Rikenellaceae)和弯曲杆菌属(Campylobacter)相对丰度显著下降(P<0.05),而乳杆菌科(Lactobacillaceae)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)相对丰度显著上升(P<0.05);HIG组拟普雷沃菌属(Alloprevotella)相对丰度显著上升(P<0.05);MED、HIG和ANT组毛螺菌属(Lachnospira)相对丰度显著下降(P<0.05);LOW、HIG和ANT组粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)相对丰度显著上升(P<0.05)。相较于对照组和抗生素组,LOW和HIG组假单胞菌科(Pseudomonadaceae)相对丰度显著下降(P<0.05),LOW组瘤胃菌科(Ruminococcaceae)相对丰度显著上升(P<0.05)。【结论】饲粮中添加复合微生态制剂能够改善断奶仔猪的生长性能和免疫机能,改善盲肠微生物的菌群丰度,降低肠道致病菌的丰度,降低腹泻率,其中添加0.2%复合微生态制剂(活菌数为2×1011 CFU/kg)的效果较好,能达到与添加抗生素相似的饲喂效果。
【Objective】The purpose of this study was to explore the proportion of compound microecological preparation in piglet feed and the effect on piglets after replacing antibiotics.【Method】A total of 80 healthy weaned piglets(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire,weaned at(28±2)days,weighted(9.31±0.52)kg)were randomly divided into five groups,4 replicates per group and 4 piglets per replicates(half male and half female),respectively.The diet in control group was basal diet.The diet in low dose group(LOW)was basal diet supplemented with 0.1%compound microecological preparation(1×1011 CFU/kg).The diet in medium dose group(MED)was basal diet supplemented with 0.2%compound microecological preparation(2×1011 CFU/kg).The diet in high dose group(HIG)was basal diet supplemented with 0.3%compound microecological preparation(3×1011 CFU/kg).The diet in antibiotic group(ANT)was basal diet supplemented with 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline.The experiment was lasted for 28 days.The initial and final body weights,diarrhea of piglets,and feed intake of repeats were accurately recorded.Blood samples were collected on 28 days for the measurement of serum immune parameters and biochemical indices.The contents of cecum were collected,and the changes of intestinal microbiota were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing.【Result】Compared with control group,①The average daily gain(ADG)and average daily feed intake(ADFI)of MED group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between MED and ANT groups(P>0.05).The feed/gain ratio(F/G)of MED and HIG groups were decreased significantly(P<0.05),and had no significant difference compared to ANT group(P>0.05).The diarrhea rate of piglets decreased significantly in LOW and MED groups(P<0.05),and had no significant difference compared to ANT group(P>0.05).②Thymus index of MED and HIG groups,and spleen index of MED group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The thymus and spleen index of MED group were significantly higher than ANT group(P<0.05).③The high-density lipoprotein(HDL)of the LOW,MED and HIG groups were increased significantly(P<0.05),and the serum albumin(ALB)contents of MED and ANT groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).The activity of aspartate transaminase(AST)were significantly decreased in LOW,MED and ANT groups(P<0.05).④The serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)levels in LOW,MED and ANT groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).The immunoglobulin A(IgA)and immunoglobulin M(IgM)levels in MED and ANT groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between MED and ANT groups(P>0.05).⑤The relative abundance of Firmicutes were increased significantly(P<0.05),in LOW,MED and ANT groups,and the relative abundance of Prevotella_1 decreased significantly(P<0.05)in LOW and ANT groups.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria in HIG and ANT groups were significantly reduced(P<0.05).The relative abundance of Rikenellaceae and Campylobacter were decreased significantly(P<0.05),while the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus were increased significantly(P<0.05)in LOW,MED,HIG and ANT groups.The relative abundance of Alloprevotella in HIG group was increased significantly(P<0.05).The relative abundance of Lachnospira in MED,HIG and ANT groups were decreased significantly(P<0.05).The relative abundance of Faecalibacterium in LOW,HIG and ANT groups were increased significantly(P<0.05).Compared with the control group and ANT group,the relative abundance of Pseudomonadaceae in LOW and HIG groups were decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae in LOW group was increased significantly(P<0.05).【Conclusion】Adding compound microecological preparations to the diet could improve the growth performance and immune function of weaned piglets,improve the abundance of cecal microbes,reduce the abundance of intestinal pathogenic bacteria,and reduce the rate of diarrhea.The effect of adding 0.2%compound probiotics(the number of viable bacteria was 2×1011 CFU/kg)was better,and was similar to that of antibiotics.
作者
白培钿
孔佳美
裴婷
程志学
任玉红
BAI Peitian;KONG Jiamei;PEI Ting;CHENG Zhixue;REN Yuhong(College of Veterinary Medicine,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)
出处
《中国畜牧兽医》
CAS
北大核心
2022年第3期942-952,共11页
China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine
基金
山西省重点研发计划项目(201803D221009-4)。
关键词
断奶仔猪
微生态制剂
生长性能
免疫机能
菌群结构
weaned piglets
microecological preparation
growth performance
immune function
flora structure
