摘要
随着全球碳达峰和碳减排的推进,氢能作为一种重要的清洁可再生能源受到越来越多的关注,开发利用氢能已成为中国能源技术发展的重要战略方向.以往主要是大专院校、中国科学院等机构的科研人员从事氢能相关的研究,大多获得国家自然科学基金委员会、科技部等的基金支持.目前许多企业也参与进来,既有国企也有民企,这与以往有很大不同,对于氢能产业的发展有巨大的推动作用.氢能发展不仅需要技术成熟,同时还要满足成本、市场和安全等多方面的要求.氢能产业包含制氢、氢分离、储运、应用等多个环节.通过近几年的努力,这些环节已经有了很大的变化,有的领域发展快,有的领域仍面临很多困难.为此,本文对氢能产业链上这些环节的状况、问题和今后的发展进行系统的分析和归纳.
As a kind of important clean and renewable energy,hydrogen energy has received increasing attention.In the past,the majority of researchers from colleges and universities,Chinese Academy of Sciences and other institutions carrying out hydrogen energy related research were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Ministry of Science and Technology.Nowadays many enterprises are also involved,including both private enterprises and state owned enterprises.This is a significant shift in this research field that will further promote the development of hydrogen energy industry.Hydrogen industry includes hydrogen production,separation,storage and transportation,application and other links.Great strides have been made in these fields in recent years.Some of these fields are developing rapidly,while others are still facing many challenges.This paper makes a systematic analysis and induction of the status,issues and future development potential of the hydrogen industry chain.The paper is divided into seven parts,including hydrogen preparation,hydrogen storage,hydrogen transportation,hydrogen pipeline transportation,liquid hydrogen manufacturing,storage and transportation,hydrogen refueling station,conclusions and suggestions.In the part of hydrogen preparation,we introduce the methods of hydrogen preparation,separation and purification,the annual changes of world pure hydrogen and mixed hydrogen production,the relationship between hydrogen price of different hydrogen production methods and main raw material price,and the comparison of hydrogen production technologies and characteristics of different electrolytic water.In the part of hydrogen storage,four main methods:High-pressure gas hydrogen storage,low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage,solid hydrogen storage and organic liquid hydrogen storage are introduced,and the performances of these four methods are compared.In the part of hydrogen transportation,we introduce several common hydrogen transportation methods,the performance comparison of several common hydrogen transportation methods,and the price variance by distance of the three main hydrogen transportation methods.In the part of hydrogen pipeline transportation,the construction of two domestic hydrogen pipelines and the comparison of relevant parameters,as well as the situation of hydrogen transportation pipelines around the world are introduced.In the part of liquid hydrogen production,storage and transportation,the production methods of liquid hydrogen,the difference in calorific value between hydrogen fuel and other fuels,the preparation level of liquid hydrogen all over the world and the development direction in the future are introduced.In the part of hydrogenation stations,the construction,operation,cost and problems of hydrogenation refueling stations around the world are introduced.Finally,based on the contents above,we draw some conclusions and suggestions as follows:(1)In terms of hydrogen production,it is necessary to reduce the cost,develop hydrogen production from fossil raw materials to clean energy electrolytic water,focus on the development of proton exchange membrane green hydrogen preparation technology and enlarge its scale.(2)In terms of hydrogen storage,it is necessary to select appropriate hydrogen storage methods and improve their performance according to different applications.In the field of transportation,it is necessary to develop a hydrogen storage system with a weight density greater than 5%and a volume density greater than 40 g/L,which is cost-effective and easy to control hydrogen absorption and desorption.In the non-transportation field,it is necessary to develop large-scale,low energy consumption and high safety hydrogen storage technology.(3)In terms of hydrogen transportation,it is necessary to strengthen the development of pipeline hydrogen transportation and liquid hydrogen transportation technology.(4)In terms of hydrogen refueling station,it is necessary to realize the localization of key equipment such as compressors and hydrogen injectors,improve the operation efficiency of hydrogen refueling stations and reduce the operational cost;Hydrogen production stations and liquid hydrogen refueling stations need to be developed.
作者
李星国
Xingguo Li(Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Science,State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第4期425-436,共12页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
国家重点研发计划(2018YFB1502102)
国家自然科学基金(51771002,51971004)资助。
关键词
氢能
氢气制备
氢气储运
加氢站
hydrogen energy
hydrogen preparation
hydrogen storage and transportation
hydrogen refueling station
