摘要
2017—2020年利用运-12和空中国王-E350飞机搭载的国产云粒子测量设备在云南开展了76架次积层混合云观测,数据分析表明:云南的云粒子数浓度远高于华北地区,云粒子(直径为2~50μm)数浓度平均值为339.7 cm^(-3),最大值为1067.6 cm^(-3),平均含水量为0.181 g·m^(-3),最大值为2.827 g·m^(-3),有效直径平均值为11.2μm,最大值为34.6μm。云粒子谱呈负指数双峰分布,主、次峰值分别出现在4μm和10μm处。云粒子数浓度、含水量和消光系数随高度呈明显分层特征,有效直径随高度变化不明显,反射率因子在3.4 km高度最大。暖云区200~1500μm范围的雨滴粒子平均含水量为0.183 g·m^(-3),最大值为4.247 g·m^(-3),200~6000μm范围的雨粒子平均含水量为0.406 g·m^(-3),最大值为8.917 g·m^(-3)。不同含水量条件下的云粒子谱宽不同,随着云中含水量增加,云粒子谱变宽。西南夏季风爆发后,暖云区的小云粒子增多,大云粒子减少,开展暖云区人工增雨作业有利于提高人工增雨效率。
observation is an important mean to obtain cloud physical information,which is important for weather modification research and operation.In China,aircraft observation research on cloud microphysical characteristics is mainly carried out in the northern region,seldom in the southwestern region.Yunnan is a lowlatitude plateau with complex topography and distinct weather and climate.The aircraft cloud physical detection equipment in Yunnan is put into use since 2017,and it carried domestic laser cloud particle probes,including cloud particle spectrometer probe,cloud particle imager probe,and precipitation particle imager probe.The aircraft can obtain the size and number of cloud particles and precipitation particles at different resolutions of 2-6200 μm,as well as 25-6200 μm particle images.The mixed cloud observations of cumulonimbus and stratiform clouds from Yun-12 and King Air-E350 aircraft in Yunnan during 2017-2020 are analyzed.Data of 76 flights are obtained,with the maximum flight altitude of 6946 m(ambient temperature-14℃).The cloud vertical structure is observed by descending and ascending flights.The results show that the number concentration of cloud particles is much higher than that in northern China.The average number concentration of cloud particles(2-50 μm) is 339.7 cm^(-3) with a maximum value of 1067.6 cm^(-3);the average water content is 0.181 g·m^(-3),and the maximum is 2.827 g·m^(-3);the average effective diameter of cloud particles is 11.2 μm and the maximum is 34.6 μm.The cloud particles have a negative exponential size distribution with double peaks.The first peak is located at 4 μm and the second peak is at 10 μm.The cloud particle number concentration,water content and extinction coefficient show obvious layered distribution characteristics with height,but the effective particle diameter doesn’t change much.The reflectivity factor is maximum at the height of 3.4 km.In the warm cloud region,the average water content of rain drops with diameter from 200 to 1500 μm is 0.183 g · m^(-3) with a maximum value of 4.247 g · m^(-3).The average water content of rain particles in the range of 200-6000 μm is 0.406 g·m^(-3) with the maximum of 8.917 g · m^(-3).In Yunnan,the spectral width of cloud particles becomes wider with the increase of cloud water content.With the outbreak and establishment of the Southwest Summer Monsoon,the small cloud particles increase,and the large cloud particles decrease in the warm area of cloud.It is helpful to improve the efficiency of artificial precipitation enhancement by carrying out warm cloud artificial precipitation enhancement.
作者
刘春文
郭学良
段玮
丁冲
张凡
Liu Chunwen;Guo Xueliang;Duan Wei;Ding Chong;Zhang Fan(Yunnan Weather Modification Center,K unming 650034;Institute of Atmos pheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029;Yunnan Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Kunming 650034)
出处
《应用气象学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期142-154,共13页
Journal of Applied Meteorological Science
基金
国家重大科学仪器设备开发专项(2011YQ110059)
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0104)
国家自然科学基金项目(41930972)。
关键词
云微物理特征
飞机观测
云南
中国西南地区
cloud microphysical properties
aircraft measurements
Yunnan
Southwest China
