摘要
良好的水肥调控模式有利于土壤与作物之间进行营养元素的交换,是水稻高产的重要因素之一。为探究间歇灌溉模式施用缓释肥对稻田土壤肥力、根干重及产量的影响规律。于2019年5-9月在湖北省灌溉试验中心站开展了水稻种植测坑试验,采集淹灌(W1)、间歇灌溉(W2)和传统肥(N1)、缓释肥(N2)交互作用下黄熟期植株样株高、叶绿素SPAD值、分蘖数及稻田土样,分析土壤氮磷含量及黄熟期产量、根干重。间歇灌溉上层(0~20 cm)、下层(20~40 cm)土壤全氮含量较淹灌高2.2%~78.63%,上层土壤全磷含量较淹灌高64.27%~162.86%,下层土壤全磷含量较淹灌低30.80%~43.52%。缓释肥上、下层土壤全氮含量较传统肥低5.06%~79.95%,上、下层土壤全磷含量较传统肥低5.08%~73.92%;下层土壤全氮含量在不同肥料类型条件下差异性显著,而上层土壤全磷含量受肥料类型影响极显著。缓释肥条件可以显著提升根干重;间歇灌溉缓释肥(W2N2)处理产量最高,达10 505 kg/hm2,比最低的对照处理淹灌传统肥(W1N1)高8.53%。间歇灌溉较淹灌可以维持促进土壤上、下层全氮含量,对上层土壤全磷含量有维持和促进作用,而对于下层土壤维持作用不如淹灌;缓释肥可以促进水稻根系干物质积累,提高水稻对土壤氮、磷的吸收利用率,对有效穗数形成产生积极的影响,进而提高水稻产量。间歇灌溉和缓释肥耦合互作可以提高产量。
Good water and fertilizer regulation mode is conducive to the exchange of nutrients elements between soil and crops,which is one of the important factors for high yield of rice. In order to explore the mechanism of the effect of slow-release fertilizer on paddy soil,fertility root dry weight and yield under alternate wetting and drying irrigation conditions,pit test of rice planting was carried out in Hubei Irrigation Experiment Center Station from May to September 2019. Plant height,chlorophyll SPAD value,tiller number and soil samples were collected under the interaction of flooding irrigation(W1,CF),alternate wetting and drying irrigation(W2,AWD)coupled with traditional fertilizer(N1)and slow-release fertilizer(N2)to analyze the nitrogen and phosphorus content,yield and root dry weight at yellow ripe stage. The results show that the total nitrogen of upper layer(0~20 cm)and lower layer(20~40 cm)of AWD is 2.2%~78.63% higher than that of CF,the total phosphorus of upper layer is 64.27%~162.86% higher than that of CF,and the total phosphorus of lower layer is 30.80%~43.52%lower than that of CF. The total nitrogen in the upper and lower layers of slow-release fertilizer is 5.06%~79.95% lower than that of traditional fertilizer. Total nitrogen in lower soil is significantly different under different fertilizer types,and total phosphorus in upper soil is highly significant under different fertilizer types. Slow-release fertilizer significantly improves the dry weight of roots. AWD and slow-release fertilizer(W2 N2)has the highest yield of 10 505 kg/hm2,AWD and slow-release fertilizer(W2 N2)is 8.53% higher than that of lowest control treatment CF and traditional fertilizer(W1 N1).Conclusion: AWD can better maintain soil total nitrogen in the upper layer and lower layer than CF,and its effect on maintaining soil total phosphorus in the upper layer is stronger than CF. Slow-release fertilizer can promote the dry matter accumulation of rice roots,improve the uptake and utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil,and have a positive effect on the formation of effective panicle number,thus increasing rice yields. AWD coupled with slow-release fertilizer can improve rice yields.
作者
杨鹏
何军
付亮
赵帆
周洁宇
赵树君
钟韵
马煜
程磊
张宇航
钟盛建
甘学华
YANG Peng;HE Jun;FU Liang;ZHAO Fan;ZHOU Jie-yu;ZHAO Shu-jun;ZHONG Yun;MA Yu;CHENG Lei;ZHANG Yu-hang;ZHONG Sheng-jian;GAN Xue-hua(College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei Province,China;Engineer-ing Research Center of Ecoenvironment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region,Ministry of Education,Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei Province,China;Hubei Zhanghe Hydraulic Project Administration Bureau,Jingmen 448156,Hubei Province,China)
出处
《中国农村水利水电》
北大核心
2022年第3期168-173,共6页
China Rural Water and Hydropower
基金
湖北省水利重点科研项目(HBSLKY201801)
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1508302)。
关键词
间歇灌溉
缓释肥
稻田
全氮
全磷
产量
根系干物质
AWD
slow-release fertilizer
paddy field
total nitrogen
total phosphorus
yields
root dry matter
