摘要
为了解雅砻江锦屏大河湾水域鱼类多样性及群落结构的年际变化,于2004、2012、2013、2016、2018和2019年对锦屏大河湾的鱼类资源进行了调查分析,共采集到土著鱼类42种,外来物种2种。结果显示:6次调查均采集到的鱼类有短须裂腹鱼(Schizothorax wangchiachii)、细鳞裂腹鱼(S.chongi)、长丝裂腹鱼(S.dolichonema)和鲈鲤(Percocypris pingi)。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数的最低值出现于2018年。时间上看,锦屏大河湾的鱼类群落可聚为2组,组Ⅰ包括2004-2016年,组Ⅱ包括2018年和2019年。相似性百分比分析(SIMPER)显示,造成大河湾鱼类群落结构时间变化的指示物种为齐口裂腹鱼(S.prenanti)、中华金沙鳅(Jinshaia sinensis)、麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)、圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)、犁头鳅(Lepturichthys fimbriata)、长鳍吻(Rhinogobio ventralis)、西昌白鱼(Anabarilius liui)等,大河湾鱼类生态类群以喜流水、营周丛食性和产沉性卵的个体为主。结果表明,锦屏大河湾对于维持长江上游鱼类多样性具有重要意义,但梯级工程实施后的河流环境变化对大河湾鱼类仍有一定的不利影响,建议加强圆口铜鱼等珍稀鱼类的保护,提升大河湾水域的保护级别。
The Jinping Bend is the longest flowing stretch in the lower reach of the Yalong River after the five cascade dams are constructed,which plays an important role in the maintaining fish diversity in the upper Yangtze River.Fish samplings were conducted in 2004,2012,2013,2016,2018 and 2019 to understand the changes in the fish composition and community structure in the Jinping Bend of the Yalong River.A total of 42 native species and two exotic species were collected.Schizothorax wangchiachii,S.chongi,S.dolichonema and Percocypris pingi were sampled in all six investigations.The lowest values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou evenness index and Margalef richness index appeared in 2018.The community structure of four surveys from 2004 to 2016 clustered into one class,and the community structure of 2018 and 2019 clustered into another class.The indicator species were most responsible for the dissimilarity between the different groups include S.prenanti,Jinshaia sinensis,Pseudorasbora parva,Coreius guichenoti,Lepturichthys fimbriata,Rhinogobio ventralis,Anabarilius liui.For the functional characteristics,fish assemblages in the Jinping Bend were dominated by rheophilic species,insectivorous species and species laying demersal eggs.All of the above results indicated that the flowing waters of Jinping Band was of great ecological value for maintaining the fish diversity in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.However,the construction of Jinping I and Jinping II hydroelectric project still have several negative effects on fish biodiversity and community structure.We should strengthen the conservation of endangered endemic species such as C.guichenoti and upgrade the protection level.
作者
刘猛
张逸譞
刘园
宋以兴
徐丹
LIU Meng;ZHANG Yi-xuan;LIU Yuan;SONG Yi-xing;XU Dan(Power China Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited,Chengdu 611130,China;Yalong River Hydropower Development Company,Ltd.,Chengdu 610051,China)
出处
《淡水渔业》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期22-33,共12页
Freshwater Fisheries
基金
雅砻江流域水电开发有限公司专项科研项目。
关键词
雅砻江
锦屏大河湾
鱼类多样性
减水河段
保护区
Yalong River
Jinping Band
fish diversity
reduced flow stretch
nature reserve
