摘要
心、性概念皆是董仲舒哲学思想的核心概念。董仲舒的人性论分为广义人性论和狭义人性论:狭义人性论认为只有中民之性才是性,它是对人的普遍本质的理解;广义人性论认为情也是性。这样,从广义人性论来看,人性是善恶混杂的、未成的气质之物,它是生存之本。同时,从具体存在的角度来看,生存之本是心。心不仅有善心、仁心,而且也有否心、坏心,心也是善恶混杂的气质之物。心性二者同作为生存之本,所指相近,性是普遍性存在,心是具体存在。但是在早期儒家那里,二者皆含气质,各自性质并不纯粹,相互之间区别并不鲜明。性本论突出了生存的普遍性特征,心本论突出生存的具体性特征。具体性存在表现为人的行为,其中最重要的行为方式便是教化。教化即感应,教化不仅表现为具体人心的活动,也离不开普遍本性为条件。由人心所引发的教化与天然的普遍人性相结合才能成人。人性论表现了董仲舒对人的普遍存在的认知,而人心论更偏重于具体存在。
Heart and nature are both basic concepts for Dong Zhongshu’theory.Dong’s theory of human nature encompasses a general theory of nature and a relative theory of nature.The relative theory regards the nature being limited to Zhong Min’nature,which is a general definition of human being.The general theory of nature embraces both the mentioned nature and feeling.Within this system,nature is a mixed,material being which is far from complete.From the particular point of view,heart is the foundation of life,which includes both good heart and bad heart.Both the heart and nature function as the foundation of life respectively,while one of universality and the other of particularity.However,the early Chinese thinkers did not take the concepts strictly,which is identified with their mixture by materials.They mixed the two,or the two are confused.The theory of human nature defines human being in universal perspective while the theory of heart defines human existence in particular perspective.One of the most important actions for human being is education which is a corresponding reciprocally.Human being requires both the universal basis of nature and the particular heart.The combination of the functions of the two leads to be a good human being.
作者
沈顺福
SHEN Shunfu(Center for Zhouyi and Ancient Chinese Philosophy,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)
出处
《齐鲁学刊》
CSSCI
2022年第2期35-45,共11页
Qilu Journal
基金
国家社会科学基金后期资助重点项目“传统儒家心灵哲学研究”(20FZXA005)。
关键词
董仲舒
心
性
教化
Dong Zhongshu
heart
nature
education
