摘要
司法实践中普遍存在自2019年8月20日起用贷款市场报价利率取代贷款基准利率的司法适用偏差,具体表现为法院不当释明并要求当事人变更利率、擅自变更约定或法定利率等情形。这不仅导致法律适用错误、损害当事人信赖利益,还进一步造成同案不同判现象频繁出现、损及司法统一与公正。究其原因,主要在于贷款基准利率已经取消的认识偏差及相关司法解释的溯及效力混乱不清。基于利率市场化改革的渐进性及立法修改的滞后性,贷款基准利率与贷款市场报价利率将在一段时期内继续并存。实践中应纠正自2019年8月20日起一律适用贷款市场报价利率的不当做法,根据具体情形参照适用《民法典时间效力规定》确定利率基准。此外,还应修改金钱债务迟延履行利息既有立法、建立金钱债务迟延履行利息一般制度、明确相关司法解释的溯及力基准时,从而实现利率标准的规范统一。
In judicial practices, there have been common differences in the judicial application of replacing the benchmark interest rate with the loan prime rate(LPR) on the loan market, which was initiated on August 20, 2019. This has resulted in a large number of cases where the court improperly interprets why the party changed the interest rate, or changed the agreement or the legal interest rate without authorization. This kind of situation not only leads to wrongful application of the law and damages the trust and interests of the parties, but also causes inconsistent judgments frequently and undermines judicial unity and justice. The main reason lies in the mistaken understanding that the interest rate in the loan market has been cancelled and in the confusion of the retrospective effect of the relevant judicial interpretation. Based on the gradual nature of the reform of interest rate marketization and the lag of legislative amendments, the benchmark interest rates and the loan prime rate will continue to coexist for a period of time. In practice, the improper practice of applying the loan prime rate without exception from August 20, 2019 should be corrected, and the benchmark interest rate should be determined pursuant to Civil Code Time Effectiveness Regulations according to specific circumstances. In addition, it is necessary to revise the existing legislation, establish the general system of interest on delayed performance of monetary debt, and clarify the retroactivity benchmark of relevant judicial interpretation, so as to realize the standardization and unification of interest rates.
作者
谭启平
周冠宇
TAN Qiping;ZHOU Guanyu
出处
《法学评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期161-171,共11页
Law Review
基金
最高人民法院2020年度司法研究重大课题“民法典适用问题研究”(项目编号:ZGFYZDKT202009-03)的阶段性成果。
