摘要
为探讨稻茬小麦的氮硫肥施用技术,在水稻秸秆全量还田条件下设置0、195和270 kg·m^(-2)3个施氮水平和0、30和60 kg·hm^(-2)3个施硫水平,研究氮、硫肥配旅对小麦氣素吸收利用、籽粒产量和品廣的影响。结果表明,随施氮量的增加,小麦穗数、穗粒数和产量均显著增加,面团形成时间和稳定时间延长,但施氮量达270 kg·hm^(-2)时氮肥农学效率和表观利用率显著下降,籽粒支链淀粉、清蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量降低。增施硫肥可使籽粒产量显著增加,延长面团形成时间和稳定时间,并提高籽粒支链淀粉、谷蛋白和总蛋白含量。相比其他氮、硫肥组合处理,施氮195 kg·hm^(-2)配合施硫60 kg·hm^(-2)提高了总氮素积累量、氮肥农学效率和氮肥利用效率;该组合处理下籽粒产量比仅施氮270 kg·hm^(-2)处理提高了5.7%。此外,195 kg·hm^(-2)施氮量配施硫60 kg·hm^(-2)还提高了面团形成时间、稳定时间和蛋白各组分含量。这说明氮硫合理配施可提升小麦对氮素的吸收利用,起到提高籽粒产量、改善籽粒蛋白品质和粉质质量的作用;减氮条件下通过适量配施硫肥可作为小麦优质高效生产的栽培途径。
In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen and sulfur rate on grain yield,grain quality,and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat following rice,a field experiment was conducted under the conditions of rice straws returned into the field in the full quantity.The treatments contained three levels of nitrogen rate(0,195,and 270 kg·hm^(-2))and three levels of sulfur rate(0,30,and 60 kg·hm^(-2)).The results showed that,with the increases of nitrogen application,spike number,kernel number per spike,and grain yield were significantly increased,and the dough development time and stability time were extended.However,the agronomic efficiency and apparent nitrogen utilization efficiency decreased significantly,and the content of amylopectin,albumin,gliadin,and glutenin in grains decreased when the nitrogen application rate was increased form 195 kg·hm^(-2) to 270 kg·hm^(-2).The results also showed that increasing sulfur rate greatly increased wheat grain yield,dough development time,and stability time,and promoted the content of amylopectin,gluten,and total protein in grains.Compared with other treatment combinations,nitrogen rate of 195 kg·hm^(-2) combined with sulfur rate of 60 kg·hm^(-2) improved total nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen agronomy efficiency,and utilization efficiency.Compared with 270 kg·hm^(-2) nitrogen rate without sulfur application,the grain yield of this combination treatment was increased by 5.7%.In addition,nitrogen rate of 195 kg·hm^(-2) combined with sulfur rate of 60 kg·hm^(-2) also promoted the dough development time,stability time,and the content of protein components.The present results suggest that combined application of nitrogen and sulfur can enhance the absorption and utilization of nitrogen in plants,increase grain yield and improve grain protein quality and flour quality.Under the conditions of nitrogen reduction,appropriate application of sulfur can be commended as a cultivation approach of promoting good-quality and high-efficiency production of wheat.
作者
申丹丹
牛轶男
朱敏
李春燕
朱新开
丁锦峰
郭文善
SHEN Dandan;NIU Yinan;ZHU Min;LI Chunyan;ZHU Xinkai;DING Jinfeng;GUO Wenshan(Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Wheat Research Institute,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China)
出处
《麦类作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期188-195,共8页
Journal of Triticeae Crops
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31771711)
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300405)
江苏省现代农业(小麦)产业技术体系
江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目。
关键词
稻茬小麦
氮肥
硫肥
籽粒产量
氮肥效率
籽粒品质
Wheat following rice
Nitrogen rate
Sulfur rate
Grain yield
Nitrogen efficiency Grain quality
