摘要
目的 了解西安市第九医院2010—2019年收治的3 887例0~15岁儿童传染病的流行状况,为儿童传染病的预防和控制提供参考依据。方法 收集西安市第九医院2010年1月1日至2019年12月31日在中国疾病预防控制信息系统中网报的0~15岁儿童传染病数据资料,导出至Excel 2007表格中,利用SPSS17.0软件进行统计分析。结果 2010—2019年,我院在中国疾病预防控制信息系统中网报的0~15岁儿童传染病共3 887例,共13种,分为乙类和丙类,乙类有6种共278例,丙类有7种共3 609例,无甲类传染病;传播途径主要为接触或呼吸道传播,如手足口病、水痘,共2 057例,占52.92%。从性别分布来看,男孩2 340例,女孩1 547例。从年龄组分布来看,各年龄组均有病例报告,年龄最小15 d,最大15岁,其中3~岁组发病例数最多,为513例,占13.20%。从月份分布来看,每个月份均有病例报告,其中6月份最多,为624例,占16.05%。从人群分布来看,分为散居儿童、幼托儿童和学生,其中学生组总的发病例数最多,为1 436例,占36.94%。从疫苗相关传染病病例数整体变化趋势来看,2010—2017年整体病例数呈缓慢下降趋势,2017—2019年呈迅速上升趋势。结论 根据儿童传染病的流行特点,医院应继续加强传染病动态监测并采取相应措施,做好隔离防治及宣教工作,以防疫情扩散,切实保障儿童的健康,为辖区传染病防治及计划免疫工作提供参考。建议政府将非免疫规划类疫苗纳入免疫规划类疫苗当中,以提高接种率,有效降低传染病的发病率;且未来应创新医疗卫生服务供给模式,发挥中医治未病的独特优势。
Objective To understand the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in 3 887 children aged 0-15 treated in the ninth hospital of Xi’an from 2010 to 2019, so as to provide reference basis for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in children. Methods The data of infectious diseases of children aged 0-15 reported online by the ninth hospital of Xi’an in China disease prevention and control information system from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019 were collected and exported to Excel 2007 table, and SPSS17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results From 2010 to2019, there were 3 887 cases of infectious diseases among children aged 0-15 years reported online in China disease prevention and control information system, including 13 kinds, which were divided into class B and class C, and there were 278cases of 6 kinds of class B and 3 609 cases of 7 kinds of class C, without class A infectious diseases;the main route of transmission was contact or respiratory transmission, such as hand, foot and mouth disease and chickenpox, with a total of 2 057cases, accounting for 52.92%. In terms of gender distribution, there were 2 340 boys and 1 547 girls. From the distribution of age groups, all age groups had case reports, the youngest age was 15 d and the oldest age was 15 years old. Among them, the number of cases in the 3-year-old group was the most, with a total of 513 cases, accounting for 13.20%. In terms of monthly distribution, each month had case reports, of which 624 cases were the most in June, accounting for 16.05%. In terms of population distribution, children was divided into scattered children, nursery children and students. The total number of cases in the student group was the most, with a total of 1 436 cases, accounting for 36.94%. From the overall change trend of the number of vaccine related infectious diseases, the overall number of cases showed a slow downward trend from 2010 to 2017and a rapid upward trend from 2017 to 2019. Conclusion According to the epidemic characteristics of infectious diseases in children, the hospital should continue to strengthen the dynamic monitoring of infectious diseases and take corresponding measures, do a good job in isolation prevention and education, so as to prevent the spread of epidemic situation, effectively protect children’s health, and provide reference for the prevention and control of infectious diseases and planned immunization in the area under its jurisdiction. It is suggested that the government should incorporate non-immunization plan vaccines into immunization programme vaccines to increase vaccination rate and effectively reduce the incidence rate of infectious diseases.In the future, we should innovate the supply mode of medical and health services and give full play to the unique advantages of traditional Chinese medicine in preventing diseases.
作者
陈燕
CHEN Yan(Disease Prevention and Control Department,the Ninth Hospital of Xi'an,Xi'an 710054,China)
出处
《临床医学研究与实践》
2022年第10期13-17,共5页
Clinical Research and Practice
关键词
儿童
传染病
传播途径
接种
children
infectious diseases
route of transmission
vaccination
