摘要
2060年碳中和目标既使我国钢铁工业未来发展面临巨大挑战,又为其提供了换道超车的发展机遇。本文对绿氢直接还原、氧化铁熔融还原、碱性溶液电沉积铁、酸性溶液电沉积铁的发展历史和技术现状进行了综述。在全绿电炼铁场景下,本文对各种技术路线的理论和实际耗电进行了估算,从技术成熟度、电耗、技术难度、应用前景等方面,对各技术路径进行了对比分析,发现碱性溶液电沉积铁电耗最低,酸性溶液电沉积铁和电供热氢气熔融还原次之。从技术难度上看,氢气直接还原、酸性溶液电沉积铁技术难度较小,且都已完成一定规模的中试,氢气熔融还原炼铁、碱性溶液电沉积铁和氧化铁熔融电解炼铁技术都还处于概念或技术发展早期阶段。综合来看,氢气直接还原、酸性溶液电沉积铁和氢气熔融还原炼铁路线可望发展成为有竞争力的超低碳炼铁技术,而碱性溶液电沉积铁和氧化铁熔融电解炼铁技术难度较大,短期内恐难以取得较大突破。
The carbon neutrality goal set by Chinese government in 2060 poses very strong constrains to the Chinese iron and steel industry on the one hand,and also provides a very good opportunity for the industry to compete with foreign counterparts on the other hand.In the present paper,the development history and technical status were analyzed for green hydrogen direct reduction,molten oxide electrolysis,electrowinning of iron in alkaline solution and electrowinning of iron in acid solution,etc.Under the scenario of sufficient low-cost green electricity,the theoretical and practical electricity consumption were evaluated for these routes together with the analyses about technique maturity,electricity consumption,technical difficulty and application prospect,etc.Through the analyses,it was found that the alkaline solution electrowinning of iron demonstrated the lowest electricity consumption,followed by the acid solution electrowinning of iron and the hydrogen smelting reduction with endothermic reaction heat provided by electricity.From technical point of view,the acid solution electrowinning of iron and the hydrogen direct reduction routes,both had completed pilot plant operation,were among the easiest to be implemented,while the hydrogen smelting reduction,alkaline solution electrowinning and the molten oxide electrolysis routes were still in the early stage of development.By the analyses,it was concluded that the acid solution electrowinning,the hydrogen direct reduction and the hydrogen smelting reduction routes were quite promising,while the molten oxide electrolysis and alkaline solution electrowinning were too challenging to be usable in 2060.
作者
朱庆山
ZHU Qingshan(State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)
出处
《化工进展》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期1391-1398,共8页
Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress
关键词
超低碳炼铁
直接还原
氢冶金
电冶金
氢气熔融还原
ultra-low-CO_(2)ironmaking
direct reduction
hydrogen metallurgy
electrical metallurgy
hydrogen smelting reduction
