摘要
[目的]对比分析花岗岩侵蚀区不同水土流失治理年限的植物物种组成、群落结构及其多样性差异,为花岗岩侵蚀区水土流失治理和生态重建工作提供科学依据。[方法]采用空间代替时间的方法,在江西省兴国县平江流域花岗岩侵蚀区,选择治理4 a, 14 a, 24 a, 34 a的4个不同治理年限人工林为研究对象,以未人为治理林地和次生林作为对照,采用样方调查法,调查分析不同林地植物群落的物种组成、群落结构及植物多样性。[结果](1)共调查植物43种,隶属于31科41属,其中乔木层17种,灌木层8种,草本层18种。(2)“竹节沟+乔灌草”措施能够有效增加植物多样性,促进植被恢复与演替,不同治理年限林地的辛普森指数和香农—威纳指数均大于未人为治理林地。(3)随着水土流失治理年限的增加,植物群落的辛普森指数、香农—威纳指数和均匀度指数均呈上升—下降—上升的趋势,且均小于次生林。(4)不同治理年限林地、次生林和未人为治理林地之间的共有物种较少,整体上表现为不相似。[结论]仅靠自然封禁难以有效恢复花岗岩侵蚀区的植物多样性,“竹节沟+乔灌草”措施能有效促进植被恢复,提升植物多样性。
[Objective]Differences of plant species composition,community structure,and diversity in different soil erosion control years in the granite erosion area were compared and analyzed in order to provide a scientific basis for soil erosion control and ecological reconstruction in the granite erosion area.[Methods]The method of replacing time with space was adopted.In the Pingjiang River basin of Xingguo County,Jiangxi Province,four artificial forests with different treatment years of 4,14,24,and 34 years were selected as the research objects,and the untreated forest and secondary forest were taken as the control.The species composition,community structure,and plant diversity of plant communities in different areas were investigated and analyzed by the quadrat survey method.[Results]①43 species of plants were investigated,belonging to 31 families and 41 genera,including 17 species in the arbor layer,eight species in the shrub layer,and 18 species in the herb layer.②The“bamboo ditch+arbor,shrub and grass”measures could effectively increase plant diversity and promote vegetation restoration and succession.The Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index of forest lands with different management years were greater than those of forest lands without artificial management.③With the increase of water and soil loss control years,the Simpson,Shannon-Wiener,and evenness indexes of the plant community showed upward-decreasing-increasing trends,and they were all smaller than secondary forests.④There were fewer common species in the woodland of different treatment years,secondary forest,and untreated forest,which showed dissimilarity on the whole.[Conclusion]It is difficult to effectively restore plant diversity in granite erosion areas only by natural closure.The“bamboo ditch+arbor,shrub and grass”measures could effectively promote vegetation restoration and increase plant diversity.
作者
彭浪
段剑
刘士余
汤崇军
Peng Lang;Duan Jian;Liu Shiyu;Tang Chongjun(College of Land Resources and Environment,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330045,China;Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Prevention and Control,Jiangxi Provincial Academy of Water Resources Sciences,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330029,China)
出处
《水土保持通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期10-16,共7页
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
江西省自然科学基金项目“根系结构与土壤分离能力协同演变规律”(20192BAB214008)
江西省水利科技项目(201921YBKT25)
江西省博士后科研项目择优资助项目(2019KY49)。
关键词
植物多样性
治理年限
水土流失治理
植被恢复
花岗岩侵蚀区
plant diversity
restoration period
soil erosion control
vegetation restoration
granite erosion area
