摘要
通过调查分析发现,我国甜菜生产中甜菜品种以进口为主,其市场占有率为98.09%;生产中普遍使用除草剂、杀虫剂和杀菌剂防治病虫草害以减少损失;甜菜种植前茬作物主要有玉米、小麦、大豆、马铃薯、向日葵、棉花等作物,轮作年限平均为4年;全国甜菜种植户种植规模平均18.27 hm^(2),甜菜平均种植密度7.40万株/hm^(2)(新疆、内蒙古、黑龙江分别为8.71、7.12、5.93万株/hm^(2)),甜菜平均根产量60.94 t/hm^(2)(新疆、内蒙古、黑龙江分别为76.05、57.45、44.70 t/hm^(2)),平均含糖率15.37%(新疆、内蒙古、黑龙江分别为15.08%、15.53%、15.30%);甜菜平均种植成本2.04万元/hm^(2)(新疆、内蒙古、黑龙江分别为2.17、2.13、1.43万元/hm^(2)),平均收益0.92万元/hm^(2)(新疆、内蒙古、黑龙江分别为1.03、0.92、0.69万元/hm^(2));甜菜生产基本实现了规模化种植,种植密度、甜菜产量、含糖率与国外技术先进国家还有差距,甜菜种植成本呈上升趋势,比较效益也面临着其他作物的竞争。未来需要政策扶持,依靠科技进步提高甜菜产业的竞争力。
Through investigation and analysis,it was found that sugar beet varieties used in China were mainly imported and their market share was 98.09%;Herbicides,insecticides and fungicides were widely used in production to control diseases,pests and weeds in order to reduce root losses;The crops before beet planting mainly included corn,wheat,soybean,potato,sunflower,cotton and other crops,and the average rotation period was 4 years;The average household area of sugar beet planting in China has reached 18.27 hm^(2),the average sugar beet planting density was 74000 plants/hm^(2)(Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang were 87100,71200 and 59300 plants/hm^(2),respectively),the average sugar beet yield was 60.94 t/hm^(2)(Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang were 76.05,57.45 and 44.70 t/hm^(2),respectively),and the average sugar content was 15.37%(Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang were 15.08%,15.53%and 15.30%,respectively);The average cost of sugar beet planting was 20400 yuan/hm^(2)(Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang were 21700,21300 and 14300 yuan/hm^(2),respectively),and the average income was 9200 yuan/hm^(2)(Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang were 10300,9200 and 6900 yuan/hm^(2),respectively).Sugar beet production has basically realized large-scale planting.There is still a gap of the planting density,sugar beet yield and sugar content between China and foreign countries of advanced technology.The planting cost of sugar beet was on an upward trend,and the comparative benefit was also facing the competition of other crops.In the future,we need national policy support and rely on science and technology to improve the competitiveness of sugar beet industry.
作者
周艳丽
孙群英
於丽华
刘娜
张文彬
卢秉福
刘晓雪
ZHOU Yanli;SUN Qunying;YU Lihua;LIU Na;ZHANG Wenbin;LU Bingfu;LIU Xiaoxue(Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080;Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048)
出处
《中国糖料》
2022年第2期80-84,共5页
Sugar Crops of China
基金
财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(糖料)项目“糖料产业经济”(CARS-170601)资助。
关键词
甜菜
种植技术
轮作
成本收益
黑龙江
内蒙古
新疆
sugar beet
planting technology
rotation
cost-benefit
Heilongjiang
Inner Mongolia
Xinjiang
