摘要
2019年5月、7月和9月,利用复合刺网和定置网具,采集了呼伦湖水系的湖泊和河流中的鱼类样本,研究呼伦湖水系湖泊和河流鱼类群落结构及其物种多样性,探讨鱼类群落物种多样性的保护途径。研究结果表明,通过对采集到的鱼类样本的物种鉴定,共记录5目7科31种鱼类物种,其中以鲤形目和鲤科的物种数量最多,分别为26种和23种,鱼类群落的优势物种都为定居性物种;记录的呼伦湖的鱼类物种数量为22种,鱼类群落的优势种为贝氏■(Hemiculter bleekeri bleekeri)、红鳍原鮊(Culterichthys enythropterus)、银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)、鲤(Cyprinus(Cyprinus)carpio)和瓦氏雅罗鱼(Leucicus waleckii),呼伦湖鱼类群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数都偏小,鱼类个体小型化趋势较明显;建议对进入呼伦湖的河流的水量加强调度,优化呼伦湖鱼类群落结构,增加滤食性鱼类增殖放流量,恢复呼伦湖的大型底栖双壳类种群资源,开展土著鱼类栖息地修复工作。
In May,July and September of 2019,composite gillnets and fixed nets were used to investigate the fish resources in the lakes and rivers of the Hulun Lake water system.The structure and species diversity of fish communities and their changes,and the ways to protect the species diversity of fish communities were discussed in this paper.The results showed that 31 fish species in 5 orders and 7 families have been recorded in the lakes and rivers of Hulun Lake water system.Among them,the numbers of species of Cypriniformes and Cyprinidae were greater,which were 26 species and 23 species,respectively.The dominant species in the fish communities all were settled species.The 22 fish species have been recorded in Hulun Lake,and the dominant species were Hemiculter bleekeri bleekeri,Culterichthys enythropterus,Carassius auratus gibelio,Cyprinus(Cyprinus)carpio and Leucicus waleckii.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Margalef richness index and Pielou evenness index of the fish communities all were smaller in Hulun Lake,with the apparent trend of individual fish miniaturization.It is recommended to strengthen the water regulation of the rivers entering Hulun Lake to optimize the structure of fish community in Hulun Lake,to increase the reproduction and release of filter-feeding fish,to restore the resources of large benthic bivalves in Hulun Lake,and to carry out restoration of indigenous fish habitats.
作者
霍堂斌
张新厚
窦华山
庞博
王国祥
宋聃
胡玉海
金星
HUO Tangbin;ZHANG Xinhou;DOU Huashan;PANG Bo;WANG Guoxiang;SONG Dan;HU Yuhai;JIN Xing(Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute,Harbin 150070,Heilongjiang,P.R.China;Heilongjiang River Basin Fishery Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Harbin 150070,Heilongjiang,P.R.China;School of Environment,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,P.R.China;Administration Bureau of Inner Mongolia Hulun Lake National Nature Reserve,Hulun Buir 02100,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,P.R.China;Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210032,Jiangsu,P.R.China)
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第1期76-85,共10页
Wetland Science
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD0900602)
农业财政专项黑龙江重点水域生态环境研究项目资助。
关键词
呼伦湖
水系
鱼类群落
优势物种
多样性
Hulun Lake
water system
fish community
dominant species
diversity
