摘要
为探究咪唑乙烟酸对抗性及常规谷子品种生理特性及产量构成的影响及其抗性机理,以抗咪唑乙烟酸谷子品种冀谷35和常规谷子品种冀谷38、冀谷41、晋谷21、晋谷59、长农44、龙谷39和中谷9为研究对象,采用盆栽及田间试验比较其苗期生理特性和产量构成对咪唑乙烟酸的响应。盆栽试验结果显示:咪唑乙烟酸按有效成分93.5 g/hm2施用,显著降低了常规谷子品种幼苗期地上部分鲜重(降幅达21.60%~72.83%)及叶绿素a(45.20%~92.12%)、叶绿素b(18.10%~93.36%)、类胡萝卜素(42.58%~84.21%)和总叶绿素的含量(45.73%~92.38%);叶绿素荧光参数表观光合电子传递速率和最大光化学产量分别下降20.4%~37.0%和6.9%~24.8%,非光化学淬灭系数和调节性能量耗散的量子产量分别显著上升了101.0%~322.1%和113.7%~319.7%。而对抗性品种冀谷35的地上部分鲜重、叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光参数均无显著影响。咪唑乙烟酸显著降低了常规谷子品种的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降幅达19.70%~56.58%,增加叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量达16.70%~68.80%,提高抗性谷子品种冀谷35的CAT活性达52.48%,但对其MDA含量无显著影响。抗性品种冀谷35经咪唑乙烟酸处理后乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)活性变化较小,而常规品种冀谷38的ALS从药后13 d起,活性较对照开始显著下降。田间试验结果显示:苗期喷施咪唑乙烟酸显著降低了常规谷子品种谷穗的穗长、穗粗、穗重、穗粒重及理论产量;显著增加了抗性谷子品种冀谷35的穗重、穗粒重及理论产量,增幅为7.8%~8.6%。研究表明,冀谷35通过维持体内靶标酶ALS活性稳定,增强对过氧化氢的清除能力,减轻膜脂过氧化,使其对咪唑乙烟酸具有高抗药性。
To explore the effects of imazethapyr on the physiological characteristics and yield components of imazethapyr-resistant and conventional foxtail millet varieties and the resistance mechanism,an imazethapyr-resistant variety Jigu35 and 7 conventional varieties Jigu38,Jigu41,Jingu21,Jingu59,Changnong44,Longgu39,and Zhonggu9 were used to compare the physiological characteristics and yield components in response to imazethapyr by pot and filed experiments.The results of the pot experiment showed that for conventional varieties,the aboveground fresh weight,the contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoid,and total chlorophyll in leaves were significantly decreased after active ingredient 93.5 g(a.i.)/hm^(2)imazethapyr treatment by 21.60%-72.83%,45.20%-92.12%,18.10%-93.36%,42.58%-84.21%,and 45.73%-92.38%,respectively.The apparent photosynthetic electron transfer rate and maximum photochemical yield of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters decreased by 20.4%-37.0% and 6.9%-24.8%,respectively.The non-photochemical quenching coefficient and the quantum yield of regulatory energy dissipation significantly increased by 101.0%-322.1% and 113.7%-319.7%,respectively,while the imazethapyr-resistant variety Jigu35 were not changed significantly.The catalase(CAT)activity of Jigu35 was significantly increased by 52.48%,while it was decreased by 19.70%-56.58%for conventional foxtail millet varieties.The contents of malondialdehyde(MDA)of conventional varieties were significantly increased by 16.70%-68.80%,but had no significant effect on resistant variety Jigu35.The acetolactate synthase(ALS)activity of the resistant variety Jigu35 was slightly changed after the treatment of imazethapyr.The ALS activity of the conventional variety Jigu38,it was significantly decreased from the 13th day of treatment compared with the control.The field experiment showed that spraying imazethapyr at the seedling stage significantly reduced the ear length,ear diameter,ear weight,ear grain weight,and theoretical yield of conventional varieties.Different from conventional varieties,the ear weight,ear grain weight,and theoretical yield of resistant variety Jigu35 were significantly increased by 7.8%-8.6%.This indicated that the Jigu35 has a strong resistance to imazethapyr by maintaining the stability of ALS activity,increasing CAT activity,enhancing the removal of H_(2)O_(2),and reducing the membrane lipid peroxidation.
作者
贺晓勇
孙大生
杨雪萍
原向阳
宋喜娥
姚翔
郭平毅
杨雪芳
HE Xiaoyong;SUN Dasheng;YANG Xueping;YUAN Xiangyang;SONG Xi’e;YAO Xiang;GUO Pingyi;YANG Xuefang(College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi Province,China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi Province,China;Pingxingguan Town Government,Fanshi County,Shanxi Province,Fanshi 034300,Shanxi Province,China)
出处
《农药学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第2期341-351,共11页
Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(31800461)
山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2018YJ19)
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-06-13.5-A28)
晋中市科技重点研发计划(Y202009)
山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D221030).
关键词
咪唑乙烟酸
谷子
抗性品种冀谷35
生理特性
产量影响
imazethapyr
foxtail millet
herbicide-resistant variety Jigu35
physiological characteristics
effect of yield
