摘要
【目的】研究核桃土壤养分水平与果实品质的相关性,为核桃园合理施肥、提高果实品质等提供理论依据。【方法】分别测定土壤的养分指标,包括pH值、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效锌、有效锰、有效铜;同时测定核桃果实品质指标,包括产量、平均单果质量、出仁率、横径和含油率,然后分析核桃的土壤养分水平与果实品质的相关性。【结果】核桃园土壤pH值在7.5~8.5之间,为微碱性土壤,比较适宜种植核桃。有机质含量在(8.86±0.05)~(16.2±0.17)g/kg之间,且不同核桃园之间的有机质含量差异大,其中有77.78%的核桃园有机质含量处于缺乏水平,22.22%的核桃园有机质含量处于很缺乏水平。大多数核桃园的土壤碱解氮、有效磷处于很丰富水平,大多数核桃园的土壤有效锰、有效铜处于丰富水平,大多数核桃园的土壤速效钾处于适量水平,有效锌处于很丰富水平和丰富水平的各占33.33%。核桃园产量在(1353.18±164.83)~(1862.07±123.67)kg/hm2之间,核桃平均单果质量的含量范围为(10.37±0.88)~(20.35±1.18)g,出仁率的含量范围为(47.33±1.46)%~(51.79±1.01)%,横径的含量范围为(31.91±1.84)~(37.45±1.63)mm。其中,核桃果实中有33.33%的达到特级果的要求,55.56%的为一级果,11.11%的为二级果。核桃含油率在(55.99±0.68)%~(68.56±0.1)%之间。通过相关性分析发现:产量与碱解氮、速效钾呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与有效磷、有效锰呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。平均单果质量与碱解氮、有效锰呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。出仁率与速效钾呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。横径与碱解氮、速效钾呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。含油率与碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与有效锌、有效铜呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。通过SPSS软件拟合得到土壤养分与核桃品质指标之间的回归方程,调整R2都在0.7以上,P值均小于0.05,拟合程度良好。【结论】土壤养分与核桃品质之间具有较强的相关性,通过控制土壤养分可以得到较高品质的核桃。
【Objective】The correlation between soil nutrient and fruit quality of walnut was studied to provide theoretical basis for reasonable fertilization and improve fruit quality in walnut orchards.【Method】Soil nutrient indicators were measured,including pH,organic matter,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,available zinc,available manganese,and available copper;at the same time,the quality indexes of walnut fruit were determined,including yield,average fruit mass,kernel yield,cross diameter,and the correlation between soil nutrient level and fruit quality was analyzed.【Result】The soil pH value of walnut orchard was between 7.5-8.5,which was slightly alkaline soil,and which was more suitable for planting walnut.The content of organic matter was ranged from(8.86±0.05)g/kg to(16.2±0.17)g/kg,and the content of organic matter varied greatly among different walnut orchards.77.78%of walnut orchards were lack of organic matter,and 22.22%of walnut orchards were very lack of organic matter.Most soil available nitrogen and available potassium were very rich,most soil available manganese and available copper were rich,most soil available potassium was moderate,and 33.33%was at very rich level of available zinc and the same to its rich level.The yield of walnut orchard was ranged from(1353.18±164.83)kg/hm2 to(1862.07±123.67)kg/hm2,the content of average fruit mass was ranged from(10.37±0.88)g to(20.35±1.18)g,the content of kernel yield was ranged from(47.33±1.46)%to(51.79±1.01)%,and the content of cross diameter was ranged from(31.91±1.84)mm to(37.45±1.63)mm.Among the walnut fruits,33.33%were special fruits,55.56%were first fruits and 11.11%were second fruits.The oil content of walnut was ranged from(55.99±0.68)%to(68.56±0.1)%.Correlation analysis showed that yield was significantly positive correlated with available nitrogen and available potassium(P<0.01),and with available phosphorus and available manganese(P<0.05).Average fruit mass was positively correlated with available nitrogen and available manganese(P<0.01).The kernel yield was significantly positive correlated with available potassium(P<0.05).Cross diameter was significantly positive correlated with available nitrogen and potassium(P<0.01).Oil content was significantly positive correlated with available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium(P<0.01),and significantly positive correlated with available zinc and available copper(P<0.05).The regression equation between soil nutrient and walnut quality index was obtained by SPSS software.The adjusted R2 was above 0.7,P values were less than 0.05,and the fitting degree was good.【Conclusion】There was a strong correlation between soil nutrients and walnut quality.High quality walnut could be obtained by controlling soil nutrients.
作者
徐丽
张海燕
辛国
朱建朝
秦楷
赵恒
周鹏飞
郑小平
XU Li;ZHANG Haiyan;XIN Guo;ZHU Jianchao;QIN Kai;ZHAO Heng;ZHOU Pengfei;ZHENG Xiaoping(Institute of Walnut Research,Longnan Economic Forest Research Institute,Longnan 746000,Gansu,China;Gansu Walnut Engineering Technology Research Center,Longnan Economic Forest Research Institute,Longnan 746000,Gansu,China)
出处
《经济林研究》
北大核心
2022年第1期74-81,共8页
Non-wood Forest Research
基金
中央财政林业科技推广示范项目(〔2021〕ZYTG006)
中央财政林业科技推广示范项目“陇南市核桃高效栽培关键技术示范与推广”(〔2019〕ZYTG11)
陇原青年创新创业人才项目“核桃保鲜实验研究”。
关键词
核桃
土壤养分
品质
相关性
walnut
soil nutrient
quality
correlation analysis
