摘要
依附理论对于发展中国家的“不发达”问题做出了具有一定科学性的解释,其中“技术—工业型依附”是依附理论探讨的重要内容。近年来,中国虽然在诸多重大科技项目上取得了关键突破,但是在尖端科技领域的依附问题仍然客观存在。新型举国体制立足于中国特色社会主义基本制度和社会主义市场经济体制,在新的时代背景下呈现出更多的优势,是中国实现科技层面“去依附”的破局良策。研究目的包括两个方面:在理论层面上,将新型举国体制与依附理论相结合,探究新型举国体制的本质内涵与特点,分析新型举国体制对中国实现科技自立自强的显著意义;在实践层面上,深入分析中国在科技层面的现存依附风险和问题,并且从“去依附”的角度提出促进中国新型举国体制发展的对策建议。通过文献研究法详细梳理依附理论各个不同学派的主要观点,对于多斯桑托斯提出的“技术—工业型依附”概念以及萨米尔·阿明的脱钩理论进行了深入研究。同时,注重运用历史研究和实证研究的方法,分析从举国体制到新型举国体制的历史流变以及新型举国体制对于促进中国科技“去依附”的作用机理。中国在政治和经济领域的独立地位是确定且稳固的,然而在科技层面却存在明显的依附风险,主要体现在部分行业产业链关键部分缺失、基础科学发展滞后以及人才培养能力不足等3个方面。新型举国体制在继承传统举国体制优势的基础上,还具有参与主体多元化、充分发挥市场作用、坚持自力更生与对外开放相统一、统筹兼顾多方面利益等4个新的特点和优势。新型举国体制能够在打破政府与市场隔阂、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化、推动重点领域跨越式发展、抢占科技前沿创新高地等4个方面对于实现中国科技发展的“去依附”发挥作用。针对新型举国体制的优势和特点以及中国科技发展存在的主要问题,进一步完善中国科技创新发展的新型举国体制、实现科技层面的“去依附”必须要做到:①坚持党的领导这一坚强领导核心;②不断完善社会主义市场经济体制,充分发挥市场作用;③鼓励科研机构和企业加大基础研究投入;④从人才培养和人才管理两个方面合力加速人才队伍建设。
Dependency Theory has made a partial scientific explanation for the"underdevelopment"of developing countries,among which"technology-industrial dependency"is an important content of Dependency Theory.In recent years,although China has made key breakthroughs in many major scientific and technological projects,the dependency problem in the field of cutting-edge science and technology still exists objectively.The new type of national system,based on the basic system of socialism with Chinese characteristics and socialist market economy system,presents more advantages in the new era,and is a good strategy for China to achieve"de-dependency"in science and technology.The purposes of this research include two aspects:at the theoretical level,combine the new type of national system with the Dependency Theory,explore the essential connotation and characteristics of the new type of national system,and analyze the significance for China to achieve scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement;at the practical level,analyze China's existing dependency risks and problems at the level of science and technology,and put forward suggestions to promote the development of the new type of national system from the perspective of"de-dependency".Through literature research,the main viewpoints of different schools of Dependency Theory are analyzed in detail,and the concept of"technology-industrial dependency"proposed by DOS Santos and the decoupling theory of Samir Amin are studied in depth.At the same time,focusing on using the methods of historical and empirical research to analyze the historical changes from the national system to the new type of national system and the mechanism of the new type of national system to promote the"de-dependency"in Chinese science and technology.China's independent status in the political and economic fields is certain and stable,but there are obvious dependency risks in the science and technology field,which are mainly reflected in the absence of key parts of the industrial chain in some industries,the lag of basic science development and the insufficiency of talent training ability.On the basis of inheriting the advantages of the traditional national system,the new type of national system also has four new characteristics and advantages:diversification of the participating parties,giving full play to the role of the market,sticking to the unity of self-reliance and opening to the outside world,and taking into account various interests as a whole.The new type of national system can play a role in the realization of China's scientific and technological"de-dependency"in four aspects:breaking the gap between the government and market,promoting the modernization of the national governance system and capacity,promoting the leapfrog development in key areas,and seizing the high ground of science and technology frontier innovation.In view of the advantages and characteristics of the new type of national system and main problems existing in China's scientific and technological development,it is necessary to further improve the new type of national system of China’s science and technology innovation and achieve"de-dependency"at the scientific and technological level by:①adhere to the leadership of Communist Party of China as a strong core of leadership;②continuously improve the socialist market economic system,and give full play to the role of the market;③encourage and promote scientific research institutions and enterprises to strengthen investment in basic research;④accelerate the construction of talent teams from the two aspects of talent training and talent management.
作者
吴宁
汤艳红
黄朝峰
Wu Ning;Tang Yanhong;Huang Chaofeng(National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410005,China;Space System Equipment Department of Strategic Support Force,Beijing 100000,China)
出处
《创新科技》
2022年第3期21-31,共11页
Innovation science and technology
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“新冠肺炎疫情防控视野下一体化国家战略体系和能力构建研究”(21ZDA118)
国家社科基金重点项目“科技军民融合发展治理研究”(20AZD094)。
关键词
依附理论
新型举国体制
科技
基础研究
管理
Dependency Theory
the new type of national system
science and technology
basic research
management
