摘要
在行政审判机构的立法定位背后,民初平政院深层次的设计理念和建制考量值得挖掘。考诸史事,民初平政院由辛亥元勋宋教仁“斟酌立宪政治之通例”并“参酌中国古今官制”而命名和倡设,盖意在取法“共同议政”和“平政爱民”之古意而彰显共和宪制之精神。宋教仁殁后,政治强人袁世凯“参酌旧制,体察国情”,力排众议设置平政院并为之做政治背书和执行保障,呈现出借由平政院整顿纲纪、重建秩序的治理期许。宋教仁和袁世凯这两位政见主张多有不同的民初政局关键人物,在通过平政院“平政致治”这一问题上却分享了相同或近似的理念和考量,民初平政院也因此成为彼时“帝制走向共和”之际国家治理秩序转型和重构的重要参与者、推动者和见证者。民初平政院制度蕴含的共和精神与治理向度,折射和印证了殊值鉴察的制度与人事相须相成关系。
Behind the legislative orientation of the administrative adjudication institution,the deep-seated design concepts and institutional considerations of the Pingzheng Yuan(administrative court)in the early years of the Republic of China are worth exploring.According to various historical records,the Pingzheng Yuan in the early years of the Republic of China was named and established by Song Jiaoren,one of the leading figures of the Revolution of 1911,who"reviewed the general rules of constitutional politics"and"referred to the ancient and modern official systems in China".It is intended to demonstrate the spirit of the republican constitution by adopting the ancient meanings of"joint governance"and"fair administration and loving the people".After the death of Song Jiaoren,the political strongman,Yuan Shikai,after"referring to the old system and considering the national conditions",prevailed over all dissenting views to set up the Pingzheng Yuan,endorse it and guarantee its execution,showing his ruling expectation to rectify the discipline and rebuild the order through the Pingzheng Yuan.Song Jiaoren and Yuan Shikai,two key political figures in the early years of the Republic of China with different political views,shared the same or similar ideas and considerations on the issue of"fair governance"through the Pingzheng Yuan.Therefore,it became an important participant,promoter and witness of the transformation and reconstruction of the national governance order during the period of transition from"the monarchy to the republic".The republican spirit and the governance dimension contained in the Pingzheng Yuan system in the early years of the Republic of China reflect and confirm the interdependence between the system and personnel.
出处
《江苏社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第2期184-192,244,共10页
Jiangsu Social Sciences
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“民国初期平政院裁决实践中的行政法理研究”(19BFX022)的阶段性成果。
