摘要
目的 :调查精神分裂症患者家庭照护者的知觉压力情况,为开展以家庭为单位的康复预防干预提供参考依据。方法 :2020年1月1日至2月29日,采用方便抽样法抽取北京市、四川省、福建省、吉林省的5个调查点的284例精神分裂症患者家庭照护者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查问卷、知觉压力量表(PSS-10)对照护者知觉压力进行横断面调查,对结果进行潜在剖面分析,并对不同类别间人口学变量的分布差异进行检验,采用多元Logistic回归分析照护者知觉压力的影响因素。结果 :精神分裂症患者家庭照护者可分为C1“低压力-低能力型”(16.2%),C2“低压力-高能力型”(34.5%)及C3“高压力-高能力型”(49.3%)3个潜在类别,知觉压力平均得分为(17.01±6.95)分,相对于C1型的患者照护者,女性照护者为C2型的可能性更小(P<0.05),个人月收入为5 001~10 000元的照护者为C2型的可能性更大(P<0.05);农村照护者为C3型的可能性更小(P<0.05),年龄≥60岁的照护者为C3型的可能性更小(P<0.05)。相对于C2型的患者照护者,与患者关系为配偶的照护者为C3型的可能性更大(P<0.05)。结论 :精神分裂症患者家庭照护者可分为3个类别,健康教育工作者及专业护理人员可根据其不同人口学特征实施个性化心理干预,同时对不同知觉压力潜类别的心理特征可采取更有针对性的干预方案,减轻照护者知觉压力,保持身心健康,以更好地为患者提供家庭护理,促进患者康复。
Objective: To investigate the perceived stress profile of family caregivers of schizophrenia patients.Methods: A total of 284 family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia from Beijing, Sichuan, Fujian, and Jilin provinces were recruited from January 1, 2020 to February 29, 2020 and investigated with the general characteristics information sheet and Perceived Stress Scale(PSS-10). The Latent Profile Analysis was conducted. Besides, univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to investigate the infuencing factors of perceived stress. Results: Family caregivers could be divided into three types with type C1 of "low stress-low competence"(16.2%), type C2 of "low stress-high competence"(34.5%) and type C3 of "high stress-high competence "(49.3%). The mean score of perceived stress was 17.01±6.95. For C1 caregivers,female caregivers were less likely to be C2;caregivers with monthly income of 5001-10000 yuan were more likely to be C2;and caregivers in rural areas were less likely to be C3 and caregivers aged 60 years or above were less likely to be C3.For C2 caregivers, those who were spouses of patients were more likely to be C3. Conclusion: Family caregivers of patients with schizophrenia can be divided into 3 types. Health professionals can implement personalized psychological interventions based on their different demographic characteristics. More targeted intervention programs can be adopted based on the different perceived stress to reduce caregivers’ perceived stress and maintain physical and mental health. By these ways, home care can be better provided and patient recovery can be promoted.
作者
樊理诗
蔡颖
黎泽明
马弘
孙昕霙
FAN Lishi;CAI Ying;LI Zeming;MA Hong;SUN Xinying
出处
《中国护理管理》
CSCD
2022年第3期347-353,共7页
Chinese Nursing Management
关键词
精神分裂症
知觉压力
潜在剖面分析
家庭照护者
schizophrenia
perceived stress
Latent Profile Analysis
family caregivers
