摘要
对甜樱桃裂果的机理研究现状进行综述。甜樱桃裂果是受生理、遗传、环境等多方面的内外因素综合影响所致。引起裂果的内因包括果实品种和遗传、果皮结构、果实内含物,外因包括水分、矿质养分供给等。从果实遗传特性分析,裂果不是由单个基因控制而是由多个基因控制的。防治甜樱桃裂果要从选择抗裂品种、施用外源钙和脱落酸等物质降低渗透势、运用物理屏障减少果实表面吸水,加强栽培管理等方法入手。今后应重点研究诱导裂果相关基因的结构和表达,以更有针对性地防治甜樱桃裂果。
Sweet cherry has high nutritional value and commercial value.However,sweet cherries tend to crack during ripening period,which reduces fruit quality and economic benefit.So it is very important to study the cracking mechanism of sweet cherry.In this paper,the internal and external factors of cracking mechanism of sweet cherry were reviewed.The internal factors included fruit variety and heredity,fruit peel structure and fruit contents,and the external factors included water,mineral nutrients,soil and temperature and humidity.The common fruit splitting types of sweet cherry include apical splitting,deep lateral splitting and stem end splitting.Many scholars at home and abroad have done a lot of research on the cracking mode and mechanism of sweet cherry fruit.The results showed that the cracking of sweet cherry was affected by physiological factors,genetic factors and environmental factors.The main factors affecting cracking of sweet cherry were fruit genetic characteristics and water content.The main conclusions were as follows:all the parameters related to fruit quality were affected by sweet cherry varieties.Fruit cracks were mainly affected by wetting time and area.The influence of water on fruit cracking is because the exposure of fruit surface to liquid water or high water vapor will lead to the formation of microcracks in keratin membrane.The infiltration of water through the microcracks will cause the rupture of single cells in mesocarp and malic acid leakage,resulting in the swelling of cell wall and the separation of cells along the swollen cell wall and the cracking of fruit peel.With the increase of soluble sugar content,the osmotic potential of sweet cherry decreased,resulting in cell water absorption and cracking.The difference of alkane content among sweet cherry varieties indicated that they were important factors affecting fruit cracking resistance,and the cuticle of varieties with low C29 alkane content was more prone to cracking.Using NE+CaCl 2 can help reduce cracking.Treatment with ABA and MeJA can significantly improve the cracking resistance of sweet cherry fruit.CNF coating with glycerin and surfactant on fruit surface can effectively reduce cherry cracking caused by rain without affecting fruit growth and quality.Cherry planting in water,poor drainage ability,low organic matter content,uneven distribution of water content in the soil were easy to crack fruit.Cherry cracking is also affected by temperature changes.High temperature will increase the fruit cracking rate,and sunburned fruit cracking probability is higher.The role of expandins in cherry cracking has not been confirmed,but in apple and lychee studies,transcriptional levels of the genes encoding expandins have been associated with cracking fruits.To prevent and control the cracking of sweet cherry,it is necessary to select cracking resistant varieties.Apply exogenous calcium and abscisic acid and other substances to reduce the osmotic potential,use physical barriers to reduce fruit surface water absorption,and strengthen cultivation and management.At present,there are many studies on the influence of external factors on fruit cracking,but few studies on related genes.In the future,genome research should be focused on analyzing the structure and expression of genes that induce fruit cracking,so as to prevent fruit cracking more effectively.
作者
孙双双
李延菊
王欢
王嘉艳
王玉霞
张序
SUN Shuangshuang;LI Yanju;WANG Huan;WANG Jiayan;WANG Yuxia;ZHANG Xu(College of Life Science,Yantai University,Yantai,Shandong 264000,China;Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yantai,Shandong 264000,China;Rongcheng Agricultural and Rural Affairs Service Center,Weihai,Shandong 264300,China)
出处
《落叶果树》
2022年第2期31-35,共5页
Deciduous Fruits
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-30-ZY-24)
山东省农业良种工程项目(2020LZGC008)
西藏自治区科技计划项目(XZ2020NB09)
烟台市科技发展计划项目(2020YT06000795)
山东省水果创新团队资助项目(SDAIT-06-02)。
关键词
甜樱桃
裂果
影响因素
防裂果措施
sweet cherry
dehiscent fruit
influencing factor
fruit cracking prevention measures
