摘要
纤维含量是影响真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型(VARTM)技术制备高性能纤维复合材料的关键因素之一,通过考察竹纤维(BF)含量对VARTM成型过程中环氧树脂(EP)浸渍BF效果及BF/EP复合材料性能的影响,为竹纤维复合材料实际应用提供理论支撑。利用湿法层铺工艺将竹纤维束制作成竹纤维毡,再利用VARTM成型工艺制备出BF含量为0wt%、15wt%、25wt%、35wt%和45wt%的BF/EP复合材料。采用ESEM、超景深显微镜、力学试验机、TG、DMA对BF/EP复合材料的树脂浸渍纤维效果、吸水性、力学性能和耐热性能进行表征。研究结果表明:EP注射难度随BF含量增加而增大,BF/EP复合材料的吸水率随BF含量的增加逐步增加,35wt%时显著增加。随着BF含量的增加BF之间机械互锁性更强,能有效分散复合材料破坏应力,45wt%的BF/EP复合材料与15wt%相比弯曲强度、弯曲模量、剪切强度和冲击韧性分别提升了84%、64%、103%和101%。BF含量的增加使BF/EP复合材料在380℃之前热解速率加快,在此之后热解速率减缓,当BF含量多于35wt%时,BF/EP复合材料中的BF热分解剩余的无定形碳作为保护层能减少挥发性降解产物渗透到BF/EP复合材料中延缓热解反应。BF含量为45wt%时,致密的竹纤维毡能够限制树脂分子链段运动从而提高BF/EP复合材料的耐热性。当有高性能、低成本、使用场景为室内需求时可采用BF含量为45wt%制备BF/EP复合材料。
Fiber mass fraction was one of the key factors that affect the preparation of high-performance fiber composites by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding(VARTM).This research studied the influence of bamboo fiber(BF)mass fraction on the epoxy resin(EP)impregnated fiber effect and the performance of BF/EP composites made by VARTM,which provided theoretical support for the practical application of bamboo fiber composites.The bamboo fiber bundles were made into bamboo fiber mat by wet layering,using the VARTM process to prepare the fiber mass fraction of 0 wt%,15 wt%,25 wt%,35 wt%and 45 wt%BF/EP composites.The resin-impregnated fiber effect,water absorption,mechanical properties,and heat resistance of BF/EP composites were characterized by ESEM,ultradepth-of-field microscope,mechanical testing machine,TG and DMA.It is observed that the difficulty of EP injection and the water absorption rate of BF/EP composites gradually increases with increasing fiber mass fraction.The water absorption rate of the BF/EP composites increases significantly when the fiber mass fraction is 35 wt%or more.The mechanical interlocking between BF is stronger in BF/EP composites with higher fiber mass fraction,which can effectively disperse the failure stress,leading to higher mechanical performance,compared with 15 wt%,the flexural strength,flexural modulus,shear strength and impact toughness of 45 wt%BF/EP composites are significantly improved by 84%,64%,103%and 101%,respectively.The pyrolysis rate of BF/EP composites with increasing fiber mass fraction increases when the temperature is lower than 380℃and decreases when higher than 380℃,when the fiber mass fraction is more than 35 wt%,the amorphous carbon obtained from the thermal decomposition of the BF can be used as a protective layer to reduce the penetration of volatile degradation products into the BF/EP composites and delay the pyrolysis reaction.When the fiber mass fraction is 45 wt%,the dense bamboo fiber mat can limit the movement of the resin molecular segments,thereby improving the heat resistance of the BF/EP composites.The BF/EP composites prepared with fiber mass fraction at 45 wt%can be used in the fields where the characteristics of high performance,low cost are required,such as indoor decoration.
作者
施江靖
陈红
张文福
吴婕妤
SHI Jiangjing;CHEN Hong;ZHANG Wenfu;WU Jieyu(College of Furnishings and Industrial Design,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,China;Zhejiang Forestry Academy,Hangzhou 310023,China)
出处
《复合材料学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第3期1249-1258,共10页
Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica
基金
浙江省省属科研院所专项(2020F1065-3)
浙江省省院合作林业科技项目(2020SY09)。
