摘要
使用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS) 2018年数据,运用ESR模型分析了产业工人教育错配对就业选择和工资收入的影响。研究结果表明,产业工人存在教育错配现象,教育错配对产业工人工资收入的影响存在惩罚和溢出两种效应。更高的教育程度能显著降低产业工人非正规就业倾向,提高其工资收入水平,但同时具有工资惩罚效应;而教育不足会增加产业工人非正规就业倾向,降低其工资收入水平,并同时具有工资溢价效应。相对于岗位需求,产业工人也存在较为普遍的教育过度现象,因此需要大力发展职业技术教育,在义务教育阶段,开设职业认知课程,培养更多技能型人才,使人才培养结构更符合产业转型升级和经济社会发展的需要。反事实情景分析结果表明,一刀切的正规化就业政策能提高非正规就业产业工人的社会保障和福利水平,提高工资收入的作用却不明显,亟须提升产业工人技能水平、优化调整产业工人技能结构,提高其劳动生产率和创新能力,从而开创实现职企共赢的局面。
Based on the data of China Family Panel Survey(CFPS2018),this paper analyses the impact of industrial workers’ education mismatch on employment choices and wage income by using the ESR model.The results show that,Over-education can significantly reduce the informal employment tendency of industrial workers and increase their wage income,and have a wage punishment effect.Insufficient education will increase the informal employment tendency of industrial workers,reduce their wages,and have a wage premium effect.The wage penalty and wage premium effects of informally employed industrial workers are greater than those of formal employed industrial workers.The prevalence of over-education indicates that the rate of increase in job demand brought about by industrial upgrading is slower than the rate of increase in human capital in the labor market.Team building reforms of industrial worker must link industrial transformation and upgrading with the education level of industrial workers.The results of counterfactual scenario analysis show that a one-size-fits-all formalized employment policy cannot bring about an increase in the wages of informal industry workers,enhance the skill level of industrial workers,optimize and adjust the skill structure of industrial workers,and effectively reduce the wage penalty effect of over-education.
作者
葛莹玉
李春平
葛扬
Ge Yingyu;Li Chunping;Ge Yang
出处
《财经科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第3期123-134,共12页
Finance & Economics
基金
江苏高校哲学社会科学重点项目“基于产业结构、就业结构调整视阈的新生代农民工就业能力提升研究”(2017ZDIXM011)
江苏省社科基金项目“新冠疫情形势下新生代农民工就业能力提升策略研究”(20SHB007)。
关键词
产业工人
教育错配
工资效应
非正规就业
Industrial Workers
Educational Mismatch
Effects of Wages
Informal Employment
