摘要
在极端降水事件明显增加和城市快速发展的背景下,由暴雨引发的城市洪涝灾害呈急剧上升趋势,不仅造成了严重的人员伤亡,而且产生了巨大的经济损失与社会影响。开展暴雨洪涝致灾的水动力学机理与减灾对策研究,能够为城市洪涝灾害防控提供科学依据。针对近期国内发生的典型城市洪涝灾害事件,首先分析了城市尤其是城市地下空间的洪涝灾害特点,剖析了洪涝致灾的水动力学机理;然后指出在洪水作用下人体及车辆发生失稳是导致人员伤亡及财产损失的重要原因之一,另外城市地下空间由于地势低洼与空间结构的特殊性,洪涝风险极高;最后提出了当前城市洪涝问题的3项减灾对策,包括开展城市洪涝致灾基础理论研究、加强城市基础设施建设、完善洪涝防治预警体系,为我国城市洪涝风险管理及防治提供参考。
Under the background of the significant increase of extreme predipitation events and rapid urbanization, the frequency of urban flooding disasters caused by extreme precipitation events has increased significantly in recent years,causing not only serious casualties but also induced huge economic losses and social impacts. Studies on disaster-causing hydrodynamic mechanisms and disaster reduction countermeasures can provide scientific basis for urban flood prevention and control. In view of the recent typical urban flood disaster events in China, firstly, the characteristics and the disaster-causing hydrodynamic mechanisms of urban floods, especially for floods in urban underground spaces is analyzed. Secondly, the instability of people and vehicles in floodwaters is one of the important causes of casualties and property losses. In addition,the flood risk of urban underground spaces is very high due to the low-lying feature and special space structure. Finally, three mitigation countermeasures for the current urban flood problems are given, including carrying out basic theory research on the disaster-causing mechanisms of urban flooding, strengthening urban infrastructure construction, and perfecting the flood early warning and emergency plan system, which can provide references for urban flood risk management and prevention in China.
作者
夏军强
董柏良
李启杰
柳莉
周美蓉
王小杰
XIA Junqiang;DONG Boliang;LI Qijie;LIU Li;ZHOU Meirong;WANG Xiaojie(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072;School of Sociology,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072)
出处
《中国防汛抗旱》
2022年第4期66-71,共6页
China Flood & Drought Management
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51725902
41890823)
牛顿高级学者基金项目(NSFC52061130219+NAFR1201156)。
关键词
极端降雨
城市洪涝
风险评估
致灾机理
减灾对策
extreme precipitation
urban flooding
hazard risk assessment
disaster-causing mechanism
disaster mitigation countermeasures
