摘要
改良修复盐碱地对保障粮食安全和守护耕地红线具有重要意义,种植水稻配施生物有机肥是修复改良盐碱地的一项有效措施。基于生物有机肥肥料效应,测定水稻灌浆期农艺性状,开展叶片转录组测序,通过基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)数据库分析差异基因的生物学功能和代谢通路,以期揭示生物有机肥对盐碱地水稻的潜在促生机制。试验共设置4个处理,生物有机肥+化肥(T1)、生物有机肥灭活+化肥(T2)、化肥(T3)和空白对照(T4),结果表明,施用生物有机肥能够显著提高水稻叶面积和叶绿素、植株分蘖数和干物质量(P<0.05);T2vsT1、T3vsT1、T4vsT1、T4vsT3差异基因数量分别为6593、4796、6976和1866条,生物有机肥配施化肥引起差异基因表达数量最高,其次为灭活生物有机肥,单施化肥最小;GO分析显示,生物有机肥主要影响水稻叶片肽和酰胺的生物合成与代谢、翻译过程、细胞器及细胞器膜等,化肥对水稻叶片生物学过程影响的差异基因无显著富集(P>0.05);KEGG分析表明,施用生物有机肥差异显著基因主要富集在核糖体和能量代谢相关途径,核糖体相关基因差异表达较多,可能存在水稻响应生物有机肥的重要调节基因,能量代谢途径涉及光合作用和光合作用-天线蛋白,光合作用-天线蛋白代谢通路相关基因显著上调,T4vsT1光合作用及光合作用-天线蛋白上调基因数量大于T3vsT1,T3vsT1大于T4vsT3,表明施用生物有机肥能够提高叶片捕光能力,增强光合作用,并且生物有机肥配施化肥效果优于单施生物有机肥或化肥,T2vsT1、T3vsT1、T4vsT1处理比较表明植物激素信号传导中类胡萝卜素合成基因上调,水稻抗逆性增强,植物-病原体相互作用代谢通路基因在T3vsT1和T4vsT1中上调数量大于下调数量,表明生物有机肥及生物有机肥配施化肥对提高水稻抗病性具有一定的促进作用;耐盐基因转录因子分析显示,微生物引起水稻叶片响应盐胁迫的转录因子有111条,生物有机肥93条,生物有机肥配施化肥97条,化肥40条,表明施用生物有机肥能有效促进植物响应盐胁迫基因表达,增强水稻耐盐性。因此,盐碱地施用生物有机肥能够显著影响水稻核糖体和光合作用基因上调表达,抗逆基因上调趋势明显,这对揭示生物有机肥促进盐碱地水稻生长潜在机制具有一定的理论价值。
Reclamation and restoration of saline-alkali land is of great significance for ensuring food security and protecting the red line of arable land. Planting rice and applying bio-organic fertilizer is an effective measure to remediate and improve saline-alkali land. Based on fertilizer effect of the bio-organic fertilizer, this research is conducted with measuring agronomic traits of rice at the filling stage and analyzing leaf transcriptome sequencing and the biological functions and metabolic pathways of differential genes through Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) databases in order to reveal the potential growth-promoting mechanism of the bio-organic fertilizer on rice grown in saline-alkaline soil. A total of four treatments were set up in the experiment, bio-organic fertilizer+chemical fertilizer(T1), bio-organic fertilizer inactivation+chemical fertilizer(T2), chemical fertilizer(T3), and blank control(T4). The results showed that the application of the bio-organic fertilizer could significantly improve rice leaf area and content of chlorophyll, number of tillers, and dry matter quantity(P<0.05);The number of differential genes of T2 vsT1, T3 vsT1, T4 vsT1, and T4 vsT3 was 6593, 4796, 6976 and 1866, respectively, and the quantity of differential gene expression was the largest for bio-organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer, then for inactivated bio-organic fertilizer, the least for treatment of chemical fertilizer;GO analysis showed that the application of bio-organic fertilizer mainly influenced the biosynthesis and metabolism of rice leaf peptides and amides, translation processes, organelles and organelle membranes, etc., the differential genes were not significantly enriched(P>0.05) for biological processes of rice leaves affected by chemical fertilizers;KEGG analysis showed that the significantly different genes in the application of bio-organic fertilizer were mainly enriched in the ribosome and energy metabolism-related pathways, and ribosome-related genes expressed more differentially, perhaps there were important regulatory genes for rice to respond to the bio-organic fertilizer, the energy metabolism pathway involved photosynthesis and photosynthesis-antenna protein, the photosynthesis-antenna protein metabolism pathway-related genes were significantly up-regulated, and the number of photosynthesis and photosynthesis-antenna protein up-regulated genes in T4 vsT1 greater than T3 vsT1, T3 vsT1 greater than T4 vsT3, indicating that the application of bio-organic fertilizer could improve the light-harvesting ability of leaves and enhance photosynthesis, and the effect of bio-organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer was better than that of single application of biological organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer, T2 vsT1, T3 vsT1, and T4 vsT1 treatment comparisons revealed that in plant hormone signal transduction the carotenoid synthesis genes were up-regulated and rice stress resistance enhanced, the number of up-regulated genes for plant-pathogen interaction metabolic pathway in T3 vsT1 and T4 vsT1 was more than down-regulated, indicating that the bio-organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer has a certain promotion effect on improving rice disease resistance. The analysis of salt-tolerant gene transcription factors showed that there were 111 transcription factors that caused rice leaves to respond to salt stress by microorganisms, 93 by bio-organic fertilizers, 97 by bio-organic fertilizers combined with chemical fertilizers, and 40 by chemical fertilizers, indicating that bio-organic fertilizer could effectively promote the expression of genes in response to salt stress in plants and enhance the salt tolerance of rice. Therefore, the application of bio-organic fertilizer in saline-alkali soil can significantly affect the up-regulation of rice ribosomal and photosynthetic genes, and the trend of up-regulation of stress resistance genes is obvious, it has a certain theoretical value for revealing the potential mechanism of rice growth promotion by bio-organic fertilizer in saline-alkali soil.
作者
刘鹏
毕江涛
李文兵
惠治兵
肖国举
孙权
王静
LIU Peng;BI Jiangtao;LI Wenbing;HUI Zhibing;XIAO Guoju;SUN Quan;WANG Jing(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;School of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2022年第6期2342-2356,共15页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501302-2)
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2018ZDKJ0312)。
关键词
生物有机肥
盐碱地
水稻
转录组
差异基因表达
转录调控
bio-organic fertilizer
saline-alkaline soil
rice
transcriptome
differential gene expression
transcriptional regulation
